正确答案: C

occurs without our realizing it

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Come on-Everybody's doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the CluB.Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 　　Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina.a state-sponsored antismoking program called rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South AfricA.an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 　　The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology."Dare to be different,please don't smoke! " pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure. 　　But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. 　　There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. 　　Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world.as in school,we insist on choosing our own friends.

解析：细节题。文章第五段最后一句提到“我们会无意识地模仿日常所见到的行为”。C项中的“(imitation of behaviors) occurs without our realizing it，’是对“we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see”的改写，因此C项“发生于我们没有意识到的时候”正确。A项“对我们的朋友圈有害”属于过度引申。B项“会误导行为科学研究”原文未提及。D项“会产生不良的健康习惯”属于以偏概全。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]Which of the following does not make a good English teacher?

Following strictly the lesson plan.

解析：本题考查教师专业素质。一名优秀的英语教师应该能够考虑学生的需求和水平差异，选择不同的教学方式和方法；教师课堂指令越简单、清晰，学生对指令的理解和对任务的执行就越好，这点对英语水平高或低的学生均适用；教师专业发展要求教师开展教学反思，优化教学方式，具备可持续发展的意识和能力，这是衡量教师是否优秀的关键因素。B、C.D三项均符合。教案是教师对一节课的“预设”，但学生作为活生生的个体使课堂教学呈现出丰富性、复杂性和多变性，教学不是完全根据教师的事先预设按部就班地进行，在这种情况下，教师不能死扣教案，而要根据学生的实际调整原先的教学计划和方法，充分发挥学生的主体性，促进课堂教学的动态生成。故本题选A。

[单选题]中学生将爱情的动机转向以求知、体育活动、音乐美术等书法情感的途径的动机冲突的宣泄，属于( )的表现。

升华

解析：升华即把被压抑的无意识冲动，通过某种途径或方式转换为可以被人们接受的或被社会所赞许的活动。故选择D。

[单选题]根据学习的定义，下列属于学习现象的是( )。

儿童模仿电影中人物的行为

解析：吃了酸的食物流唾液、蜘蛛织网都是本能活动，望梅止渴是条件反射。

[单选题]京剧脸谱是一种内涵丰富的艺术表现形式，每个脸谱都有一种主色调以显示剧中人物的特征，如关羽脸谱的主色是红色的，曹操的是白色的，包拯的是黑色的……你认为"白脸"表示( )。

奸诈狡猾

解析：黑脸正直公道（包公）；白脸阴险狡诈（京剧中说的是曹操），红脸（关羽），意志坚强。故选择B。

[多选题]材料： 　　初中二年级时，学校给我们换了一位数学老师。这位老师生活条件很好，几乎每天都换新衣服。可她对每节课的内容都不进行深入讲解，总是敷衍了事。我向她请教"奥校"作业题中的疑难问题时，她也经常借口推辞，不予回答。平时她不好好教学，可有时，她还会显摆一下自己的学识。在一次数学课上，她突然一反常态，给我们出了一道很难的应用题。经过很长时间的思考，我终于将这道难题做出来了。不一会儿，她改完作业，开始讲了。我认真听着，我做错了？不会错的啊，我在习题书上见到过类似的题。我盯着作业本上的红叉，委屈得快哭出来了。我拿着作业本去问老师，想让她承认我的是正确的。"老师，这道题应该是我这样做的，你看……"还没等我将理由说出来，她就高声对我说："你是老师，还是我是老师？我吃过的盐比你吃过的米还多。怎么，好学生就能反驳老师？自己也不想想自己那点儿能耐，显什么显？"她将我的作业本狠狠地甩给我，作业本都摔裂了，还让我第二天叫家长来，我哭了，忍着委屈求了好半天，她才肯罢休。当时，同学们都嘲笑我的不智之举。那年的数学期末考试，卷子上的最后一道题正是这道题，为了证明我没错，我固执地写下了自己当初认为正确的答案。卷子是由教导处判的，卷上的红色大勾证明我对了，我是全班唯一一个做对这道题的，唯一一个！ 　　问题： 　　请从教师职业道德的角度，评析该数学老师的教育行为。（14分）

[单选题]维果斯基的最近发展区是指( )。

儿童现有发展水平与可能的发展水平之间的差异

解析：维果斯基认为，儿童有两种发展水平：一是儿童的现有水平，即由一定的已经完成的发展系统所形成的儿童心理机能的发展水平：二是即将达到的发展水平。这两种水平之间的差异就是最近发展区。故选择C。维果斯基是前苏联著名心理学家，提出了文化历史发展理论，强调语言工具，尤其是自我中心语言，对心理发展的巨大作用。

[单选题]关于考试焦虑症的处理，以下哪种说法是不正确的？( )

考试焦虑症的形成原因主要是学生内部的压力，所以只要处理好学生的心态和观念就可以

解析：考试焦虑症的形成是多方面的，单纯处理好学生的心态和观念远远不够。

[单选题]吹、拉、弹、唱属于( )。

操作技能

解析：操作技能也叫动作技能、运动技能，是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的程序化、自动化和完善化的操作活动方式。日常生活中的许多技能都是操作技能，如音乐方面的吹、拉、弹、唱，体育方面的球类运动、体操、田径等。

[单选题] New research has found that those who work 11 hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If you're about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while-a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of having a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from medical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the joumal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a "nine to five" job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said:"We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease." "It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors," Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Britons have heart disease, where the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (冠状动脉). It is the nation's biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.

The Passage mainly discusses ________.

long time working increases the risk of heart disease

解析：1.细节题。在第二段中，作者先后提到了观察、数据采集、医学检查等，而questionnaire 不包括在研究范围中，故选D。 2.细节题。在第二段中，作者说到，“the study was published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine”，与A相反。“the team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall”，B中，实验不是在这里做的，而是来自这里的研究员做的。由“looked at more than 7，000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years”，可知是研究员观察这些公务员11年，而不是公务员在白宫工作了11年，D错误。故选C。 3.细节题。由第三段“Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice.”可知教授对于这个研究非常自信。故A错误。C、D在文中没有提及。由“This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease，”可知这项研究可为今后心脏病的治疗提供依据，故B正确。 4.细节题。由“the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries”“Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored，the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.”可知脂肪沉积物会堵塞血管，而心脏病发作时，冠状血管被完全堵住，如果血液供给不能恢复，这段血管所供给的心脏就会死去。故A、B、D正确。而C中的逻辑和文中不同，其所说的“一旦恢复供血，这段心脏会继续工作”的说法文中没有提及。 5.主旨题。文中作者首先介绍了一项关于工作与心脏病的研究，包括研究的背景、方法、过程和结果。而后在文章最后一段，作者介绍现在心脏病发病的情况和心脏病发作的原理。这些研究都在证实一个事实，即：长时间的工作增加患心脏病的风险。故A、B、C的描述都不全面。只有D，“长时间工作增加心脏病发病率”最全面，是文章主要讨论的内容，故为本题答案。