正确答案: D

演示法

题目：在一堂化学课上，张老师运用分子模型和挂图，帮助学生认识乙醛的分子结构。张老师采用的教学方法是( )。

解析：演示法是教师通过展示实物、模型、图片等直观教具，进行示范性实验或利用现代化视听手段，指导学生获得知识或巩同知识的教学方法。演示的手段大致可以分为三类：一是实物或模型、标本、图片、挂图的演示；二是用连续成套的模型、标本、挂图、图片或幻灯片、电影等，进行序列性演示；三是音乐、体育、劳动课上教师的示范性动作或操作等。张老师使用模型和挂图等让学生认识分子的结构，运用了演示法。实验法是指学生在教师的指导下，使用一定的仪器或设备，在一定条件下引起某些事物和现象产生变化，并对其进行观察和分析，以获得知识和技能的方法。练习法是学生在教师指导下，运用所学知识反复地完成一定的操作，以形成技能、技巧的方法。实习作业法是教师依据学科课程标准的要求，指导学生运用所学的知识从事一定的工作或操作，将书本知识运用于实践的教学方法。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]体育方面的球类、体操、田径属于( )。

操作技能

解析：操作技能也叫动作技能、运动技能，是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的操作活动方式。日常生活中的许多技能都是操作技能，如音乐方面的吹、拉、弹、唱，体育方面的球类、体操、田径等。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak,the values we absorb-shapes the brain,and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners.To take one recent example,a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits.But with Chinese volunteers,the results were strikingly different.The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves,but also when they considered whether it described their mother.The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom.Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole,this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. 　　"Cultural neuroscience" ,as this new field is calleD.is about discovering such differences.Some of the findings,as with the "me/mom" circuit,buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.For instance,it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).Sure enough,when shown complex,busy scenes,Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions.The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects. 　　Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down,shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crosseD.face forward) to Japanese and Americans.The brain's dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans,submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer's culture most values,they reported in 2009.This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question,but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain,not vice versa.Cultural neuroscience wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences.It is also uncovering the unexpected.For instance,a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3 + 4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do,even though both use Arabic numerals.The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus).But English speakers use language circuits.It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words,but the East imbues them with symboliC.spatial freight.(Insert cliche about Asian math geniuses.) "One would think that neural processes involvng basic mathematical computations are universal," says Ambady,but they "seem to be culture-specific". 　　Not to be the skunk at this party,but I thunk it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from,say,anthropology.For instance,it's well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual,and that Americans do the opposite.Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all,it's not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver. 　　Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding.Take the me/mom finding,which,she argues,"attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures.It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental,perhaps,that "universal" notions such as human rights,democracy,and the like may be no such thing.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "making waves" in Paragraph 3?

Causing disagreement.

解析：词汇题。由画线词定位至文章第三段中的“Cultural neurosclence wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences”，意思是如果发现神经生物学仅以众所周知的文化差异为基础，那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波。making waves意为“造成轰动，引起话题”，四个选项中D项causing disagreement“引起分歧”与其意思最接近。故本题选D。