正确答案: B

Babies' cries could be their early language acquisition.

题目：请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the <u> ambient </u> language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

解析：细节题。根据最后一段中的“…scientists thought that babies became capable ofvocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age”可知，A项说法错误。根据第一段中的“We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies”及后文可知，Kathleen Wermke的研究是用婴儿哭声声调的不同来说明婴儿语言的习得可能在子宫中就开始了，婴儿的哭声可能就是他们早期语言习得的体现。B项说法正确。根据倒数第二段中的“That acquisition，it is now clear,begins months before birth，probably in the third trimester”可知，C项与原文不符。D项在文中直接进行了说明，不符合题目要求。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]宋老师发现有的学生常将"鸟"和"乌"混淆，就编写了首儿歌。"小鸟小鸟有眼睛，没有眼睛看不见。他创编了很多类似的儿歌，对学生识字有很大帮助。宋老师的做法体现的师德规范是()。

探索创新

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008修订）"终身学习"规定，教师要树立终身学习理念，拓宽知识视野，更新知识结构，不断提高专业素养和数育教学水平。题目中宋老师的做法体现了其创新精神，故选择C项。

[单选题]下列有美德育的说法，不正确的是( )。

德育过程由教育者、受教育者和德育方法三个相互制约的要素构成

解析：德育过程通常教育者、受教育者、德育内容和德育方法四个相互制约的要素构成。

[单选题]在教育目的价值取向问题上，主张教育是为了使人增长智慧、发展才干、生活更加充实幸福的观点属于( )。

个人本位论

解析：个人本位论认为教育的目的是培养健全发展的人，发展人的本性，挖掘人的潜能，增加受教育者的个人价值，个人价值高于社会价值，而不是为某个社会阶级服务。其特点是重视人的价值、个性的发展及其需要，把人的个性发展及其需要的满足视为教育的价值所在。