正确答案: C

To expand non-university teacher education programs.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5题。 　　Passage 2 　　teacher education provided by U,S.colleges and universities has been routinely criticizedsince its inception in the early nineteenth century,sometimes deservedly.These programs,like non-university programs,are uneven in quality and can be improved.What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups,and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers,and to expand independent,alternative routes intoteaching. 　　This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable “momentum” and legitimacy,with venture capitalists,philanthropy,and the U.S.Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding. 　　The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much ofit with independent,private programs.The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government,structure,content,and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal,medical,and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training. 　　Throughout the nation,states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations,and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or,like the state of Washington,have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies.The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the teacher Preparation Academyprovision in the new K-12 education law,the Every Student Succeeds act,which encourages statesto expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities. 　　Because of the increasing tuition rates,a consequence in part,of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U.S.teachers,enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country.Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.Additionally,advocacy groups,philanthropists,and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching. 　　Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solutionto teacher shortages and education inequities,policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

解析：细节题。根据第四段中的“...several states have either passed legislation to lower thestandards for becoming a teacher...”可知，几个州为了应付教师短缺局面通过了降低教师标准的立法，A项“增加合格教师的数量”与原文不符。根据第五段中的“Because of the increasing tuition rates，a consequence inpart,of cuts in funding to public universities that continue to educate most U.S.teachers,enrollments in college anduniversity teacher education programs have declinedin many parts ofthe country”可知，由于学费的增加，高等师范教育获得的资金投入缩减了，B项“提高对师范教育项目的资金投入”与原文不符。根据第四段末尾“...encouragesstates to expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities.”及第五段中的“Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffingthe nation's classrooms”可知，一些州发展私立师范教育项目，C项“发展非高等师范教育项目”正确。D项“为师范教育项目设立底线”，文中未提及。故本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]练习律、效果律、准备律是联结说的三个定律。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：桑代克提出了联结主义理论，即学习的主律有练习律、效果律、准备律三条。

[单选题]《三字经》中"融四岁，能让梨"的"融"指是( )。

孔融

解析：《三字经》的这段话，取自孔融让梨的典故。故选择A。B选项，马融，东汉学者。C选项，符融，前秦皇帝苻坚之弟，前秦将领，曾参与淝水之战，被东晋击败。苻坚、符融大败后，留下成语"风声鹤唳"、"草木皆兵"。D选项，祝融，古代传说中的火神，楚国始祖。

[单选题] been the biggest stressor.”也说明考试给了她太多压力。“给孩子们无休止的考试完全超出了她的预期”。综上，C选项正确。A项，“这对于美国的年轻教师来说是常见的”。B项，“她在工作中经历了太多的起起落落”，这都不是Asselin质疑未来的原因。D项，“她厌烦了每天迎接幼儿们”，与原文不符，故选择C。

What is Asselin likely to do under the current educational system?

Reconsider her future

解析：题意为在现在的教育制度下.Asselin最可能做什么。根据原文第二段”Yet behind Assel.n's bright expression，her enthusiasm is fading”，第三段“questioning her future as an educator”，可以推断Asselin可能会重新考虑她的未来。B项“改变她的教学方法”和D项”侧重她的学生的学习技能”与原文”她的热情在褪去”矛盾：C项“给她的学生少些考试”。这不是她能决定的。故选择A。

[单选题]教师通过记录课外活动中学生的攻击行为来研究攻击和性别的关系，这种研究方法是( )。

观察法

解析："个案法"是针对某个体的研究方法，从题干中无法得出教师是针对某一学生的行为而进行的研究："实验法"需通过严格控制或创设实验条件，题干中也没有体现出来："调查法"主要包括谈话法、问卷法和作品分析法，题干中所体现的方法不属于任何一种调查法："观察法"是在自然条件下有目的、有计划地通过被试者的外部表现（如言语、表情、行为等）去了解其心理的方法。题干所述教师正是通过自然条件下学生的攻击行为进行研究的，符合"观察法"的定义，故本题选D。

[单选题]为了分班、分组的目的所进行的测验是( )。

安置性测验

解析：安置性测验的根本目的是分班、分组。安置性测验涉及的范围比较窄，难度也比较低。故选择D。A项，形成性测验针对某一教学单元而设计，在教学过程中进行，其目的不在于评定学生，而是为了调控教学。B项，诊断性测验是指在教学活动的一定阶段，如学年、学期或教学某一课程章节之初进行的测验，其目的在于了解学生的基础知识和对即将学习的内容的准备状况，使教师对学生的水平、差异心中有数，以便于教师合理组织教学和恰当处理教学内容。C项，总结性测验用于对学生学习情况的阶段性总结分析。在一个段落或一门课结束后，教师会编制一套试题，全面考察学生的掌握情况。