正确答案: A

generally distorted values

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch's daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions" .Integrity had collapsed.she argued.because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.But "it's us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit" . 　　Driving her point home,she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. 　　As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of The News of the World.Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge-the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by (Jlenn Mulcaire,the man hired by The News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds. 　　In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. 　　In today's world.it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and.in newspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability. 　　The purpose of editing The News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instruction-nor received traceable,recorded answers.

解析：推断题。第五段中的“…the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,fiexibility…Words degraded to the margin have been justice，fairness…”指出社会的分类机制应该是利润，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的词如效率、灵活性……，而退化到边缘的词语是公正、公平……，由此可见这种信条只关注利益，而忽略了公平与正义，这显然是一种扭曲的价值观。故本题选A。B项“财富分配不公”，C项“一种边缘化的生活方式”和D项“一种严肃的道德标准”均不符合题意。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]( )是人生观开始形成的时期，又是容易发生品德两极分化的时期。

初中阶段

解析：从总体上看，初中即少年期的品德虽然具有伦理道德的特性，但仍1日不成熟、不稳定，具有动荡性。表现在道德观念的原则性、概括性不断增强，但还带有一定程度的具体经验特点：道德情感表现丰富、强烈，但又好冲动；道德行为有一定的目的性。渴望独立自主行动，但愿望与行动经常有距离。初中阶段既是人生观开始形成的时期，又是容易发生品德的两极分化的时期。品德不良、违法犯罪多发生在这个时期。根据研究，初二年级是品德发展的关键期。故选择B。A项，小学生品德发展各种成分之间是协调的，就整个小学阶段而言，道德认识与道德行为、道德认识与道德情感的发展等是协调的、一致的。年龄越小，各成分之间越一致，随着年龄的增长，言与行之间、行为与动机之间逐渐出现矛盾和不一致的情况。C项，高中阶段品德发展趋向成熟。高中阶段或青年初期的品德发展进入了以自律为主要形式、应用道德信念来调节道德行为的成熟时期，表现在能自觉地应用一定的道德观点、信念来调节行为，并初步形成人生观和世界观。

[单选题]中学生熊某曾经偷拿过同学的财物，班主任总是以此为由，不让他参加班级活动，该班主任的做法（ ）。

不正确，不得歧视犯错误学生

解析：熊某曾经是有偷窃的不良行为，但作为老师，对不良行为的未成年人应当加强教育、管理，不得歧视。本题中，班主任不让他参加班级活动就是歧视犯错误的学生。故本题选B。

[单选题]小刚数学成绩不佳。经过努力，他的数学成绩突飞猛进，考了很高的分数。数学老师认为她的成绩是抄袭所得，并在课堂上公开讲："你的成绩不属实。"这位老师的行为()。

违背了尊重学生的要求

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）"关爱学生"规定：要保护学生安全，关心学生健康，维护学生权益，要尊重学生的人格，耐心教导，教师不能讽刺、挖苦、歧视学生。教师的言行侵犯了学生的人格尊严，违反了关爱学生的职业道德，故选择A。

[单选题]12岁的小小是家里的老大，她的爸爸有着严重的重男轻女思想，他不允许小小继续上初中而让她辍学在家帮忙务农，以供家里的弟弟们上学。以下说法错误的是( )。

爸爸的思想保守，但不至于触犯法律

解析：题干中爸爸的行为违反了《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》的有关规定。《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第十三条规定，"父母或者其他监护人应当尊重未成年人受教育的权利，必须使适龄未成年人依法入学接受并完成义务教育，不得使接受义务教育的未成年人辍学"。故B项中"不至于触犯法律"的说法错误。

[单选题]学生通过学习查阅文献，像历史学家研究分析史料那样，在求知过程中组织自己的知识，这种学习属于( )。

发现学习

解析：发现学习是指学生要学习的概念、原理等内容不直接呈现，需要学生通过独立思考、探索、发现而获得。故选择B。A选项，接受学习是将学生要学习的概念、原理等内容以结论的方式呈现在学生面前，教师传授，学生接受。C选项，机械学习是指当前的学习没有与已有知识建立某种有意义的联系。D选项，操作技能也叫动作技能、运动技能，是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的程序化、自动化和完善化的操作活动方式。如骑车、绘画、体操、跳舞等都属于操作技能。