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[单选题]All of the following might have contributed to globalization except__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U, S.With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin ) , the once undisputed U.S.scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S.graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S.students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S.students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition ( whether imported or available through better communication ) , also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students. With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s( which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly ) was largely unexpected.The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while,the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a healthy way, the more traditional ( and more independent ) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S.customer.Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away.The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.

the closer contact of universities with private markets

解析：【答案】B【解析】第四段第一句说“…another new force also greatly facilitated globalization…”A，C，D选项都是该段提到的“another new force”的具体实例，只有B项未曾提到。

[单选题]根据材料，完成{TSE}题。Fitness Movement The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise.Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and51thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on his52interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed53to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their54was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programsdesigned to develop muscular mass, 55, and endurance in their primarily male56. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit57from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs58few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly. 59for males and for females. Many60programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.61, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health related reasons, butprimarily62such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics.63, in recent years,evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health64as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now65that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.{TS}请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

literally

解析：【答案】D【解析】fiteraⅡy“事实上；实际上”，根据原文意思：“……而实际上，上千的保健温泉发展起来了，……”所以选择“literally”。而affluently“丰富地，富足地，富裕地”，eligibly“合适地，合格地，理想地”，gorgeously“华丽地，壮丽地，美妙地”均不符合原文意思。

[单选题]The author is most concerned with the possibility that after a few decades__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The New Technology ApplicationOn a more mundane level, third-generation mobile telephones, despite all the delays and the billions squandered on 3G licenses by telecom firms, are still expected to offer consumers high-speed, always on mobile internet access, complete with video, in the next few years.Rapidly proliferating "WiFi" networks already offer wireless access on a local basis. Tiny tracking chips called radio-frequency identification devices are being used as pet passports.Soon they will be small, powerful and cheap enough to be implanted into everything form humans to milkcartons recording and transmitting real-time medical data, or serving as a form of inventory control.Sensors of every kind, including video cameras, should also become much smaller and cheaper.Forrester Research, a technology consultancy, predicts that 14 billion such devices will be connected to the internet by 2005.How rapidly such new technology is introduced will depend on a number of factors the state of the economy, the supply of investment capital and the appetite of consumers for new products or services ! Fortunes will be made and lost many times over.But whatever happens, the power of computing and communications look set to continue to grow, and its price to fall, at a steady rate for the next few decades.That will make it possible, at least in rich countries, to record most human interactions, wherever and whenever they take place, and to store and analyze this ocean of data at low cost.For the sake of argument, this survey will assume that we are heading towards a networked society of ubiquitous, mobile Communication capable of constant monitoring.Whether this arrives in 20,30 or 40 years does not really matter.The point is that the destination seems not merely possible, but probable, so it is not toosoon to ask: What do we want this technology to do?The internet has already thrown up a host of legal and political conundrums, but, these are only a small foretaste of the dilemmas about privacy, security, intellectual property and the nature of government itself that will have to be faced over the coming decades.The debate has already begun. This survey will outline some of main issues, and speculate on the way they are likely to go. Radio-frequency identification devices__________.

most human interactions can be easily monitored

解析：【答案】D【解析】本题的要点在原文第二段“but”之后。前面说的是作者认为会影响到新技术的一些因素，在but之后，提出了自己真正关心的话题：“人们之间的大多数交往可能轻易就会受到监视。”所以，D为正确答案。应注意的是，C选项虽然和原文一致，但不是作者最关心的问题。

[单选题]请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。

根据材料，完成下面的题目。Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the51of press releases or press conferences. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually.52outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. Thisorganizational placement can be a 53 because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in line with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination can be the54. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence55 the public image, this influence generally maybe less than 56 provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity nay be in the form of news releases that have57overtones for the company initiate by the public relations department. Publicity on the other 58 should not be divorced from the marketing department,as it can 59 a useful adjunct( 辅助 ) to the regular advertising. 60 , not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can 61from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of 62that are controversial or even downright ill-advertised.The 63we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding( 自欺 ) itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm, can take 64 of public image and opportunities. Many of these have to do with the way the 65 does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, etc.请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

firm

解析：【答案】D【解析】句意为：有许多因素与公司做生意的方式有关。四个选项：matlager“经理”；public“公众”；department“部门”；firm“公司”。

[单选题]

回答下面的题目:The American FamilyIn the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part_________(51). Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely_________(52), and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental_________(53). The father seldom expects his children to obey him_________(54) question, and children are encouraged to be independent_________(55) an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom_________(56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not_________(57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to break_________(58) their parental families by the time they have_________(59) their late teens or early twenties. (60), not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.This pattern of independence often results in serious_________(61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live(62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _________(63) 65. The children have left home, married, and_________(64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _________(65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.

suit

[单选题]thought

回答下面的题目：Traffic in Uur CitiesTile volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continuesto expand．This causes many problems，including serious air pollution，lengthydelays，and the greater risk__________ (51)accidents．Clearly，something must be done，but it is often difficult to persuade people to__________ (52)theirhabits and leave their cars at home．One possible__________ (53)is to make it more expensive for peopleto use their cars by__________ (54)charges for parking and__________ (55)tougherfines for anyone who__________ (56)the law．In addition，drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes atdifferent times of the day．This system，__________ (57)as“road pricin9”，is alreadybeing introduced in a__________ (58)of cities，using aspecial electronic card__________ (59)to the windscreen of the car．Another way of__________ (60)with the problem is to provide cheapparking on the__________ (61)of the city，and strictly control the number ofvehicles allowed into the centre．Drivers and their passengersthen use a special bus__________ (62)for the final stage of their journey,Ofcourse．the most important__________ (63)is to providegood public transport．However，toget people to__________ (64)the comfort of their cars，publictransport must be felt to be reliable，convenient andcomfortable，with fares__________ (65)at an acceptablelevel．

解析：the mst importantthing为惯用语，表示“最重要的事是……”，根据句意，作者要表达的是“最重要的事情还是提供良好的公共交通”，因此thing为正确答案，其他三项均不合适，故选D。

[单选题]请在第____处填上正确答案。

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。 请在第____处填上正确答案。

extensive   

解析：此句意为：制造太能电池，必须进行……半导体加工。A项extensive“广阔的，广泛的”，B项interactive“互相作用的，相互影响的”，C项selective“精选的”，D项intensive“加强的，强烈的”。文中意思应为大量的半导体加工，故本题选A。

[单选题]请在第_____处填上正确答案。

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。 请在第_____处填上正确答案。

needs   

解析：此处句意为：他们不加强建设标准，以减少供暖和空调的……。根据后文的reduce automobile use，此处用“需求”比较适合。所以选A项needs。