正确答案: A

Praises.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004,this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide <u>accolades</u>.German newspapers described how it "fioated above the clouds" with "elegance and lightness" and "breathtaking" beauty.In France,papers praised the "immense" "concrete giant".Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not. 　　In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions,Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes,language shapes thought.The effect is powerful enough,she says,that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically" ,not only when they are thinking in order to speak,"but in all manner of cognitive tasks" ,including basic sensory perception."Even a small fluke of grammar" -the gender of nouns- "can have an effect on how people think about things in the world." she says. 　　<u>As in that bridge</u>,in German,the noun for bridge,Brucke,is feminine.In French,pont is masculine.German speakers saw prototypically female features; French speakers,masculine ones. Similarly,Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as harD.heavy,jaggeD.and metal,while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden,intricate,little,and lovely.Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions.In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory,for instance,the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine,says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male,and Russians tend to paint it as female. 　　Language even shapes what we see.People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names-not English's light blue and dark blue,for instance,but Russian's goluboy and sinly.Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that's a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one,but not proving that they actually see the hues differently.In an ingenious experiment,however,Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one.Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names,suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply.Similarly,Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly,and a different one when an object is in something loosely.Sure enough,Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit. 　　Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought.In Russian,verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not-as in "she ate ［and finished］the pizza" .In Turkish,verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored.Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed.and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay.Similarly,while English says "she broke the bowl" even if it smashed accidentally,Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself" ."When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky,"English speakers remember who was to blame even in an accident,but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions.<u>It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality."</u>

解析：词汇题。从下文中德国报纸的描述“'floated above the clouds' with 'elegance and lightness，and‘breathtaking' beauty”和法国报纸的描述可知，worldwide accolades是指全世界的赞美、赞扬。praises“赞扬”，awards“奖励”，support“支持”，gratitude“感激”。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]评价是为了促进学生的全面发展，发展性评价的核心是( )。

关注和促进学生的发展

解析：发展性评价是指通过系统地收集评价信息和分析信息，对评价者和评价对象双方的教育活动进行价值判断，实现评价者和评价对象共同商定发展目标的过程，旨在促进被评价者不断地发展。

[单选题]Tom, see that your sister gets safely back,_____.

won't you

解析：祈使句的反义疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。祈使句的反义疑问句，若前面是否定结构，则附加问句一般只用will you。若前面是肯定结构，附加问句通常用will you/won't you/would you等。它形式上是反义疑问句，但并不表示正式的疑问句，也不表示反义，而是表示请求、邀请或劝说等。有时根据语境的需要，反义疑问句也可以用can you/can't you等。一般说来，用will you，won't you/would you等构成的反义疑问句语气较委婉。综上，故选择C。

[多选题]活动和交往是学生品德形成的主要内容。( )

解析：活动和交往是学生品德形成的基础。

[单选题]某县教育局为将某校打造成示范学校，将全县最优秀的教师都调配给该校，该县教育局的做法( )。

不正确，违反了<中华人民共和国义务教育法》

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第三十二条第二款规定，县级人民政府教育行政部门应当均衡配置本行政区域内学校师资力量，组织校长、教师的培训和流动，加强对薄弱学校的建设。故选择D。

[单选题]义务教育具有强制性、免费性和( )。

普及性

解析：义务教育是依据法律规定，适龄儿童和少年必须接受的，国家、社会、学校、家庭必须予以保证的国民教育。义务教育是强迫教育，具有强制性（义务性）、公益性（免费性）和普及性（统一性）。

[多选题]主张"一切知识都是从感官的知觉开始的"的教育家是夸美纽斯。( )

解析：夸美纽斯主张"一切知识都从感官的知觉开始的"。他是以个体认识论为基础提出的教学论。

[多选题]综合课程包括( )。

广域课

核心课程

解析：根据综合课程的综合程度及其发展轨迹，可将其分为以下几种：一是相关课程，就是在保留原来学科独立性的基础上，寻找两个或多个学科之间的共同点，使这些学科的教学顺序能够相互照应、相互联系、穿插进行。二是融合课程，也称合科课程，就是把部分科目统合兼并于范围较广的新科目，选择对于学生有意义的论题或概括的问题进行学习。三是广域课程，就是合并数门相邻学科的教学内容而形成的综合性课程。四是核心课程，这种课程是围绕一些重大的社会问题组织教学内容，社会问题就像包裹在教学内容里的果核一样，又被称为问题中心课程。

[多选题]根据教育的定义，"教育"就是"学习""灌输"和"德育"。( )

解析：教育有广义和彼义之分，广义的教育足泛指一切能增进人的知识和技能、发展人的智力和体力、影响人的思想观念的活动，包括家庭教育、社会教育和学校教育。狭义的教育是指以影响人的身心发展为直接目标的社会活动，主要指学校教育，是教育者根据一定的社会要求，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响，促使他们朝着期望的方向变化发展的活动。