正确答案: D

不正确，不利于构建良好的师生关系

题目：王明同学成绩不好，跟夏老师关系很紧张。一天，王明悄悄在黑板上写了"夏某某是个大笨蛋！"夏老师查出后暴跳如雷，多次勒令王明当着全班同学的面向自己做深刻检讨。夏老师的行为( )。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）中"关爱学生"要求教师尊重学生人格，不讽刺、挖苦、歧视学生，不体罚或变相体罚学生。题干中夏老师多次勒令王明当着全班同学的面向自己做深刻检讨的行为不仅侵犯了学生的人格尊严，而且还会造成师生关系的对立，不利于良好师生关系的建立。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]以下对群体规范的叙述中，错误的是( )。

群体规范都是由群体领导人根据该群体的情况制定的

解析：群体规范是群体中每个成员必须遵守的思想和行为的标准。群体规范使成员知道，在什么情境下应该怎样行为，不应该怎样行为。群体规范包括正式规范和非正式规范两类。正式规范形成是在正式群体中，由领导者倡导、明文规定、群体成员认同与遵守的思想和行为准则，是有目的、有计划的教育的结果。而非正式规范的形成是成员们约定俗成的结果，受模仿、暗示和顺从等心理因素的制约。故选择A。

[单选题]李老师是初二(3)班的班主任，他一直信奉严师出高徒，常常对冥顽不灵的小明同学实施体罚，督促其学习。以下表述正确的是( )。

小明虽有错在先，但其人身权受到了侵犯

解析：《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第二十五条规定，"对于在学校接受教育的有严重不良行为的未成年学生，学校和父母或者其他监护人应当互相配合加以管教；无力管教或者管教无效的，可以按照有关规定将其送专门学校继续接受教育"。这里容易混淆的是C项，题中的小明同学虽冥顽不灵，但题干并没有明确指出其存在严重不良行为，因此排除C项。而教师体罚小明侵犯了其生命健康权和人格尊严权，即小明的人身权受到了侵犯。

[单选题]下列不属于心智技能的是( )。

吹拉弹唱

解析：吹拉弹唱属于操作技能。

[单选题]纵观社会历史进程，教育发展与其政治经济发展之间的关系是( )。

教育常常与社会政治经济发展不平衡

解析：政治经济的发展制约着教育的发展，但是二者常常并不平衡，教育有时超前于社会的发展，有时又滞后于社会的发展。

[单选题]21.请阅读Passage 1,完成第1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity:internal and instrumental.If ascientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world,that'san internal motive,since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research.If sheconducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown,that's an instrumental motive,since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent.Often,people have both for doingthings. 　　What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? Youmight suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieverenown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires.Surely twomotives are better than one.But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,instrumental motives are not always an asset andcan actually be counterproductive to success. 　　We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadetsin nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point,all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influencedtheir decision to attend the academy.The motives included things like a desire to get a good job laterin life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army. 　　How did the cadets fare,years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives forattending West Point? 　　We found,unsurprisingly,that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point,themore likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers.Also unsurprisingly,cadetswith internal motives did better in the military (as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after theirfive years ofmandatory service. 　　Remarkably,cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending WestPoint performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weakinstrumental ones.They were less likely to graduate,less outstanding as military officers and lesscommitted to staying in the military. 　　Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives.Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of theirwork,rather than on,say,the financial returns it will bring,may be the best way to improve not onlythe quality oftheir work but also their financial success. 　　There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools areavailable to recruit participants or improve performance.If the desire for military excellence andservice to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs,then perhaps appeals to “moneyfor college,”“career training”or“seeing the world”will do the job.While this strategy may luremore recruits,it may also yield worse soldiers.Similarly,for students uninterested in learning,financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them toparticipate,but it may result in less well-educated students.

Which ofthe following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cadets” in Paragraph 3?

Military trainees.

解析：词汇题。根据题干关键词“cadets”定位到原文第三段中的“We analyzed data drawnfrom 11.320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point...”由此可知cadets指美国军事学院西点军校的学员。A项“在职军人”，B项“军事研究员”，C项“军官”，D项“军校学员”。故本题选D。

[单选题]受动物习性中印刻现象研究的影响，心理学家提出儿童的心理机能的发展存在( )。

关键期

解析：C选项，奥地利生态学家劳伦兹最早提出关键期这一概念。所谓关键期，是指个体发展过程中环境影响能起最大作用的时期。A项，印刻现象是在对动物行为进行研究时发现的，是指刚获得生命不久的小动物追逐它们最初看到的能活动的生物，并对其产生依恋之情的现象。B项，维果斯基认为，儿童有两种发展水平：一是儿童的现有水平，即由一定的已经完成的发展系统所形成的儿童心理机能的发展水平：二是即将达到的发展水平。这两种水平之间的差异就是最近发展区。D项，无此说法。

[单选题]非正式群体( )。

自然涌现的领袖

解析：非正式群体除了有自发性和满足成员心理需要的两个主要特点外，还有以下特点。(1)凝聚力强。由于非正式群体是自愿结合产生的，成员之间有一定的思想或情感的基础，在活动中态度一致，感情共鸣能增加相互的认同感，增强服从群体目标的自觉性。(2)群体内有不成文的行为规范，对群体成员行为的制约作用甚大，产生极大的标准化倾向。(3)信息传递快，反应灵敏。成员之间感情密切，交往频繁，知无不言，很少有心理障碍，信息沟通渠道畅通，反应迅速，而且成员反应有很大的相似性，因此个体成员的反应具有代表性。(4)自然形成的首领人物受到成员的拥护，有威望，影响力大。故选择A。

[单选题]有人对"不到长城非好汉"这句名言的理解是："如果不到长城，就不是好汉。"假定这种理解为真，则下列哪项判断必然为真？( )

如果是好汉，他一定到过长城

解析：考查假言命题的推理规则。"如果不到长城，就不是好汉"为真，那么其逆否命题也一定为真。其逆否命题为"如果是好汉，那么一定到过长城"，故选择B项。