正确答案: B

依法执教

题目：()是完成本职工作的前提基础，是国家和社会对教师提出的道德要求。

解析：依法执教就是教师要依据法律法规履行教书育人的职责。即教师的教育教学行为要在法律法规允许的范围内进行。教师要讲法律，用法律来规范自己的行为，不做法律禁止的事情。教育教学要遵循教育法律法规。依法执教是完成本职工作的前提基础，是国家和社会对教师提出的道德要求。故选择B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]"一两的遗传胜过一吨的教育"反映的是教育万能论。( )

解析："一两的遗传胜过一吨的教育"是霍尔提出的，反映的是遗传因素对教育的决定作用，属于内发论（遗传决定论）。内发论的代表人物有：孟子（性善论）、佛洛依德（性本能）、高尔登（优生学）、威尔逊（基因复制）、格赛尔（成熟势力说）、霍尔等（"一两遗传胜过一顿教育"）。

[单选题] There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conveniences, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be critical. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convmced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequency puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

The sentence "The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation" in Paragraph 2 means ________.

criticizing and being disgusted has become a tendency and it is caused initially by imitation

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段最后一句“This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，and events，and the resulting effects upon their minds.”可知正是由于看待事物、人和事件的方式存在差异，才导致了两种人的区别。故选项C正确。 2.细节题。短文第二段指出两种人的差别“The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the convemences of things"和“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things”，由此可知两种人的区别在于关注点不同。故选项A正确。 3.细节题。“The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation”这句话的意思是：这种挑剔和让人厌烦的倾向起先可能是由于模仿造成的。故选项B正确。 4.词汇题。联系上下文，根据句意可知，condescend的意思应为“谦逊，屈尊”。故选D。 5.细节题。短文最后一段主要叙述unhappy people的情况。本段第一句指出“…it has serious consequences in life，since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.”故可知unhappy people常常把自己置于一个不利的境地。故选项A正确。

[单选题]16岁的蒋某因抢劫被公安机关抓获，当地电视台将蒋某接受审讯的清晰画面在当地新闻节目中播出，该电视台的行为（ ）。

违法，侵犯了蒋某的隐私权

解析：依据《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第五十八条规定，媒体应当保护未成年人罪犯隐私，对未成年人犯罪案件，新闻报道、影视节目、公开出版物、网络等不得披露该未成年人的姓名、住所、照片、图像以及可能推断出该未成年人的资料。本题中，当地电视台将蒋某接受审讯的清晰画面在当地新闻节目中播出，侵犯了蒋某的隐私权。

[单选题]Which of the following is the feature shared by the English phonemes /m/ and /p/?

Bilabial.

解析：本题考查英语辅音的发音。根据英语辅音的分类可知，按照声带振动与否划分，/m/是浊辅音，/p/是清辅音；按照发音部位划分，二者都是双唇音；按照发音方式划分，/m/是鼻音，/p/是塞音。/m/和/p/共同的特征是发音部位相同，都是双唇音。故本题选C。