正确答案: B

控制器

题目：在计算机系统中，指挥，协调计算机工作的设备是( )。

解析：在计算机系统中，指挥、协调计算机工作的设备是控制器。故选择B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列选项中，不属于中医学著作的是( )。

《齐民要术》

解析：《齐民要术》是由北朝北魏农学家贾思勰写成的中国现存的最早的、最完整的大型农业百科全书，不是医学著作。故选择C。A选项，《神农本草经》是我国第一部完整的药物学著作。B选项，《本草纲目》是李时珍所著的医学著作。D选项，《黄帝内经》与、《难经》、《伤寒杂病论》、《神农本草经》并称为中国传统医学四大经典著作。

[单选题]意大利著名教育家蒙台梭利有一句教育名言："没有哪一个人是由别人教育出来的，他必须自己教育自己。"这句话直接与下列哪一思想、学说相支持( )。

人本主义教育

解析：人本主义主张，心理学应当把人作为一个整体来研究，而不是将人的心理肢解为不能整合的几个部分。人本主义学习理论重点研究如何为学习者创造一个良好的环境，让其从自己的角度感知世界，发展出对世界的理解，达到自我实现的最高境界。故选择B。A选项，实用主义教育思想主张儿童中心，师生民主平等，这一思想对二十世纪二、三十年代中国的师生关系产生了很大的影响。C选项，建构主义学习理论不是一个特定的学习理论，而是许多理论观点的统称。它是对学习的认知理论的一大发展。它的出现被人们誉为当代教育心理学的一场革命。D选项，自然主义教育的核心是"归于自然"，提倡自然主义教育思想，认为开创新教育的目标和根本原则是"归于自然"。

[单选题]教育者施教传道和受教育者受教修养的相互作用的活动方式称为( )。

德育方法

解析：德育方法是为达到德育目的，在德育过程中采用的教育者和受教育者相互作用的活动方式的总和。它包括教育者的施教传道方式和受教育者的受教育方式。故选择C。

[单选题]"课内打基础，课外出人才"，反映课外活动能( )。

开发学生的潜在能力

解析：课外活动不仅有助于培养学生的自主学习能力，还有助于开发学生的潜力，提高学生学业成绩。

[单选题] According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the fanuly, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce eonsistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concemed with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others tasks and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

解析：1.主旨题。文章主要讲述不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。选项A、B、C都不能正确概括本文主旨。 2.细节题。短文第一段指出了成为领导者的不同方式：traditional cultural patterns， election or recruitment.选项C在文中并没有提及。故选C。 3.推断题。短文第二段指出“It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common.”即似乎并不是所有的领导者都有同样的个人素质。由此可推断出某一个团队的优秀领导可能并不适合另外的团队。故选项A正确。 4.细节题。由题干可定位至第二段“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of‘natural leaders’”，即近几十年的研究发现并没有哪一类人是“天生的领导”。故选项B正确。 5.细节题。短文最后两段主要讲述了两种领导：指导型领导和表达型领导，并指出了他们的不同点。由“Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group”和“Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group”可知指导型领导重视团队任务的完成，关心团队目标，而表达型领导却不是这样。故选项D正确。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's heyday,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "heyday" in the Last PAraGraPH?

Golden time.

解析：词汇题。heyday所在的句子为“In the music industry's heyday,it produced a lot of schlock.But，it got great music out to the masses，too.”可以看出，这两句用一般过去时，叙述的是音乐界过去的辉煌成就，句意为“在音乐的黄金时代，虽然作品参差不齐，但也为大众带来了很多经典音乐”。故本题选B。

[单选题]Which of the following is a typical feature of formal writing?

The precision oflanguage is a priority.

解析：本题考查写作教学。题干：下面哪项是正式文体写作的典型特征？A项“偏好使用古体词”，B项“首先要保证语言的准确性”，C项“偏好使用简短、不完整的句子”，D项“跟读者建立亲密的关系”。正式文体的要求首先是用词准确无歧义，如法律文书。故本题选B。