正确答案:

题目：简述思维导图(mind mapping)的含义（4分）及其两个用途（6分），写出教师在课堂 　　教学中运用思维导图的三点注意事项（6分），并举一例说明思维导图的用法（4分）。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]班主任对班级的作用( )。

主导作用

解析：班主任是协调班级人际关系的主导者。故选择A。

[多选题]教育上的外铄论认为，人的身心发展取决于外在环境的影响。持这种观点的教育思想家是( )。

荀子

洛克

华生

解析：外铄论的典型代表人物即荀子、洛克以及华生。

[单选题]提出认知结构迁移理论的心理学家是( )。

布鲁纳和奥苏伯尔

解析：布鲁纳和奥苏伯尔把迁移放在学习者的整个认知结构的背景下进行研究，他们在认知结构的基础上提出了关于迁移的理论和见解。

[单选题]教育要适应于人的发展的个别差异性，应该做到( )。

因材施教

解析：教育要适应于人的发展的个别差异性，应该做到因材施教。

[单选题]“动之以情，晓之以理，导之以行，持之以恒”的做法主要反映了哪一德育过程规律?（ ）

德育过程是具有多种开端的对学生知、情、意、行的培养提高过程

解析：学生思想品德的心理结构是由知、情、意、行四个要素组成的，各要素之间又是按一定方式相互影响、相互促进的。只有当这四个心理要素都得到相应的协调发展时，个体的思想品德才能形成。因此，“动之以情，晓之以理，导之以行，持之以恒”才能达到良好的教育效果。故本题选A。

[单选题]What kind of speech act is performed in utterance"Come round on Saturday"when it is said as an invitation rather than a demand?

Indirect speech act.

解析：本题考查言语行为理论。题干：当"周六过来"这句话被作为一种邀请而不是一种要求说出时，这属于哪种言语行为？direct speech act"直接言语行为"指说话者直接说出自己想要表达的想法；locutionary act"言内行为"指说话本身所构成的行为，即用声音说出有意义的话语；indirect speech act"间接言语行为"指交际者不直接说出其要说的话，而是通过另外一种言语来间接地表达其用意；perlocutionary act"言后行为"是话语所产生的后果或引起的变化。题干中"周六过来"这句话没有直接用邀请的词汇，而是间接地表达邀请，所以此处是间接言语行为。故本题选C。

[单选题]把两个及其两个年级以上的儿童编在一个班级，直接教学与布置、完成作业轮流交替进行，在一节课内由一位教师对不同年级学生进行教学的组织形式是( )。

复式教学

解析：复式教学是把两个或两个以上年级的学生编成一班，由一位教师用不同的教材，在同一节课里对不同年级的学生进行教学的组织形式。

[单选题]小芳的妈妈乐于助人，受其影响小芳在学校也常常关心帮助同学，小芳的学习属于( )。

观察学习

解析：班杜拉认为儿童社会行为的习得主要是通过观察、模仿现实生活中重要人物的行为来完成的。小芳受其妈妈影响，常常关心帮助同学，发生了观察学习。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　IF YOU want something done,the saying goes,give it to a busy person.It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines.But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may,in fact,be true-as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way. 　　Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto 　　examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks.Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision,post-decision (but pre-action),action and review.It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset. 　　Human beings are a deliberative sort,weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences.However,once a decision is taken,the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand."The mindset towards 'where can I get a sandwich'," explains Ms Tu,"is more implemental than the mindset towards 'should I get a sandwich or not?'" 　　Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time.They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now" -a so-called like-the-present scenario.That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being given a task at Christmas,say,with a deadline of Easter).Conversely,they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being "unlike-the-present" ) exists merely as a circle on a calendar,and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute. 　　To flesh out this ideA.the pair carried out five sets of tests,with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto.In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months.The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present.Those approached in July,by contrast,received a deadline into the next year,and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present.The distinction worked.Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year.Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous fiow of time,humans parse their concept of time in line with them. 　　The effect can manifest itselfin even subtler ways.In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday.The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple,with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday).Others were given a calendar in which every other week,Monday to Sunday,was a solid colour (meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week,and in the same colour).Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities. 　　These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies.If the journey of l,000 miles starts with a single step,the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.

Which best describes the author's tone?

Objective.

解析：态度题。humanistic“人文主义的”，objective“客观的”，speculative“推理的，思考的”，recriminatory“互相指责的，反控诉的”。全文作者以客观的态度阐述观点，故本题选B。