正确答案: D

调整教材内容，科学设计课程难度

题目：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》提出，要将减轻中小学生课业负担作为教育工作的重要任务。为切实减轻学生课业负担，各级政府可以采取的措施有( )。

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》第十条规定：各级政府要把减负作为教育工作的重要目标，统筹规划，整体推进。调整教材内容，科学设计课程难度。改革考试评价制度和学校考核办法。规范办学行为，建立学生课业负担监测和公告制度。不得以升学率对地区和学校进行排名，不得下达升学指标。规范各种社会补习机构和教辅市场。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教育的生物起源论和教育的心理起源论都认为教育是先天的而不是后天获得的，否定了教育的( )。

社会属性

解析：生物起源说是第一个有关教育起源的学说，其代表人物是19世纪法国的利托尔诺、美国的桑代克和英国的沛西·能。生物起源说认为人类的教育起源于动物界的生存本能活动。该理论把教育的起源归之于动物的本能行为，完全否认了人与动物的区别，否认了教育的社会属性。

[多选题]实验法是教育科学研究中广泛使用的基本的研究方法。( )

解析：观察法是教育科学研究中广泛使用的基本的研究方法。

[单选题]在新课程背景下，教育评价的根本目的是( )。

促进学生、教师、学校和课程的发展

解析：在新课程背景下，教育评价的根本目的是促进学生、教师、学校和课程的发展。故选择A。

[单选题]儿童触碰了高温物体后，他就理解了"烫"这个词的意义。按照罗杰斯的观点，这是( )。

有意义学习

解析：理解了"烫"的意义是有意义学习。

[单选题]达到自动化水平的技能叫做技巧。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：技能有水平高低之别，高水平即达到自动化水平的技能称为技巧。

[单选题]接受学习理论的提出者是布鲁纳。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：奥苏伯尔是与布鲁纳同时代的美国著名教育心理学家。他曾根据学习进行的方式把学习分为接受学习与发现学习，又根据学习材料与学习者原有认知结构的关系把学习分为机械学习与有意义学习，并认为学生的学习主要是有意义的接受学习。因此，接受学习理论的提出者是奥苏伯尔。

[单选题]Students should get the main idea of the listening content, at the same time they should find some specific information. This is a procedure in ________.

while-listening

解析：考查听力教学过程。听中阶段主要是培养学生泛听主旨、精听细节的能力。在实施教学的过程中，要鼓励学生第一遍去精取粗，抓内容要点和前后线索，第二遍听取一些具体的信息。一般情况下通常要让学生确定听力重点，带着六要素--who，where，when，what，why，how去听。

[单选题] Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age, for the same age, for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society′s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this country′s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

In paragraph2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_______.

the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society

解析：1.在第二段，作者举例说，舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力，但我们没有忽视配角的支持与舞台布景的衬托。下文的exceptional children与例子中的leading actor相对应；下文的family和society与例子中的supporting players和scenery相对应，从而说明了超常孩子的成长与家庭和社会有很大关系，故选A。 2.根据文章第三段最后一句"The great interest in exceptional children…indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,.deserve the opponunity to fully develop their capabilities."可知，C项正确。 3.本文开头第一段概括了全文的主题思想。下文详细地阐述了家庭和社会对超常孩子的重要性，教育对所有孩子的重要性和所有孩子平等地受教育的法律保证。这些细节都说明了教育适应超常孩子的必要性。B项本文未涉及，A、C虽有涉及，但不是全文的主题思想。故选D。 4.根据第四段中间的"Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disable or not-to an appropriate education"可知，A项正确。 5.做这类题可以从文中找各选项的依据来逐项排除。文章首段中的"…to develop to their full adult potential"和文章最后一句中的"…to those who cannot proft substantially from regular programs."清楚地表明了"exceptional children"指的是智力超常的儿童，因此A项不正确。文章的第四段对"All men are created equal"在教育中的含义给予了具体的解释，即"每个孩子具有得到帮助、学到能力极限的权利"，因此B项错误。本文的宗旨是赞同学校对超常儿童与普通儿童采用不同的教学计划；法律确认的是所有孩子享有适当的教育的权利，这包括超常儿童的潜能得以最大发挥的权利，因此C项不对。D项意为"学校通常的教学计划不能满足超常儿童充分发挥潜能的需要"。"调整教学计划适应超常儿童的必要性"是本文的中心，这与D项内容一致，故选D。