正确答案: A

义务教育

题目：( )是国家统一实施的所有适龄儿童、少年必须接受的教育，是国家必须予以保护的公益性事业。

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第二条规定，义务教育是国家统一实施的所有适龄儿童、少年必须接受的教育，是国家必须予以保障的公益性事业。故选择A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]在世界教育学史上被认为是"现代教育学之父"或"科学教育学的奠基人"的学者是( )。

赫尔巴特

解析：赫尔巴特是现代教育之父，也是传统教育之父；夸美纽斯是教育学之父，注意两位教育家地位的区分。故选择D。赫尔巴特其它考点：作品《普通教育学》，标志着教育学科学化和规范化。提出三中心论一一教师中心、教材中心、课堂中心：将伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论基础：提出"四阶段教学"理论一一清楚、联想、系统和方法：提出教育性教学原则一一德育与教学相结合：教育目的一一社会本位论，培养良好社会公民。A项，斯宾塞英国教育家，首次把课程作为学科专门术语。作品《教育论》。主要考点：提出科学知识最有价值，第一次明确提出德育、智育、体育的概念；教育目的一一教育准备生活说一一教育为未来生活做准备。B项，夸美纽斯是教育学之父，作品《大教学论》。夸美纽斯的主要考点：首次提出班级授课制，提出教育要遵循人的自然发展的原则；提出"泛智教育"；规定了百科全书式的课程：首次提出并论证了直观性、系统性、量力性、巩固性和自觉性等一系列教学方法。C项，裴斯泰洛齐是瑞士教育家，被称为"慈爱儿儿童之父"。作品《林哈德与葛笃德》。主要考点：教育的首要功能应是促进人的发展：最早提出教育心理学化"的主张：西方教育史上第一位将"教育与生产劳动相结合"这一思想付诸实践的教育家。

[单选题]根据一定的教育目的和培养目标，由教育行政部门制定的有关学校教育和教学工作的指导性文件是( )。

课程计划

解析：课程计划是课程安排的整体规划，是根据教育目的以及不同层次和类型的学校的培养目标，由教育行政部门制定的有关学校教学教育工作的指导性文件。其基本内容有：学科设置、学科顺序、课时分配、学年编制和学周安排。故选择C。A选项，课程目标在广义上的涵义定位于教育与社会的关系，包含了"教育方针"、"教育目的"、"培养目标"、"课程教学目的"和"教学目标"：在狭义上的涵义定位于教育内部的教育与学生的关系，主要指"教育目标"。B选项，教学大纲指学校每门学科的教学纲要。其中包括教学目的、教学要求、教学内容以及讲授和实习、实验、作业的时数分配等。教学大纲是编写教科书和教师进行教学的主要依据，也是检查和评定学生学业成绩和衡量教师教学质量的重要标准。D选项，教科书是按照教学大纲的要求编写的教学用书。又称课本、教材。其按使用对象可分为小学教科书、中学教科书和高等学校教科书3大类。大学教科书内容较为专深，有较高的学术参考价值，常受到各类图书馆的重视。

[单选题]高中生的抽象逻辑思维具有假设性、( )和内省性。

预计性

解析：高中生抽象逻辑思维的特点是假设性、预计性和内省性。

[单选题]问题解决是一个复杂的心理过程，其解决策略主要包括尝试策略和( )。

启发式策略

解析：问题解决的策略包括尝试策略与启发式策略。

[单选题]总是阻碍问题的有效解决。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：思维定势指重复先前的操作所引起的一种心理准备状态。在环境不变的条件下，定势使人能够应用已掌握的方法迅速解决问题。而在情境发生变化时，它则会妨碍人采用新的方法。因此，思维定势对问题解决既有促进作用，也有阻碍作用。

[单选题]"学会关心"是下列哪种创设德育模式所强调的( )。

体谅模式

解析：体谅模式主张把道德情感的培养置于中心地位。假定与人友好相处是人类的基本需要，满足这种需要是教育的职责。道德教育重在提高学生的人际意识和社会意识，引导学生学会关心，学会体谅。故选择D。A项，认知模式主要主张当代教育理论中流行最为广泛，占据主导地位的德育学说。它假定人的道德判断力按照一定的阶段和顺序从低到高不断发展，道德教育的目的就在于促进儿童道德判断力的发展及其与行为的发生。B项，社会模仿模式主要主张需要通过观察他人在相同环境中的行为，从他人行为获得强化的观察中进行体验学习，所以建立在替代基础上的观察学习是人类学习的重要形式，是品德教育的主要渠道。C项，价值澄清模式主要主张认为社会是变化发展的，不能仅传授某种固定的价值观点，重要的是教会学生如何分析不同的道德价值，善于在复杂的社会情境中作出明智的抉择。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

Temperatures all over the world ________.

were the highest in 1990s

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch's daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions" .Integrity had collapsed.she argued.because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.But "it's us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit" . 　　Driving her point home,she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. 　　As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of The News of the World.Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge-the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by (Jlenn Mulcaire,the man hired by The News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds. 　　In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. 　　In today's world.it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and.in newspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability. 　　The purpose of editing The News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instruction-nor received traceable,recorded answers.

It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.

more journalists may be found guilty ofphone hacking

解析：推断题。第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson由于密谋窃听电话而被判决有罪，然而他的前任却被判决无罪。通过这一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德沦丧问题依然广泛存在，即仍然存在一些人没有被判决有罪。接着文章指出记者们由于已经窃听多达5500人的电话而被人们熟知……其他人在等待审判，由此可以推出，将会有更多的记者因为窃听电话而被判决有罪。故本题选B。A项“Glenn Mulcaire可能会否认窃听电话是犯罪”，C项“Andy Coulson应该在指控中被判决无罪”和D项“电话窃听在某些特定场合是可以被接受的”，均不符合题意。