正确答案: B

After his death,Pythagoras' followers continued to eat beans.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students,but for centuries he was also celebrated as thefather of vegetarianism.A meatless diet was referred to as a“Pythagorean diet”for years,up untilthe modern vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet,humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history.Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten apredominantly plant-based diet;after all,plants can't run away.Additionally,our digestive systemsresemble those of herbivores closer than camivorous animals.Prehistoric man ate meat,of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons,mainly dueto religious and ethical objections.Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls.Animals wereno exception,so meat and fish were banished from his table.Strangely enough,he also banished avegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today,the“humble”bean.His followerswere forbidden to eat or even touch beans,because he thought beans and humans were created fromthe same material.Fava beans were especially bad,as they have hollow steams that could allow thesouls ofthe dead to travel up from the soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras' death,his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles infiuenced generations of academics and religiousthinkers,and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Societyin English in the mid-1800s.The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals,while lust,drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too richin meat products.Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy,George Bernard Shaw,MahatmaGandhi and American Bronson Alcott,a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father oflittleWomen author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student named FrancisMoore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet.In it,she advocated a meatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environmentthan meat does.Today,many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues,or concernsover animal treatment,a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work Animal Liberation.

解析：推断题。A项“Pythagoras支持并且践行不吃肉”，根据文章第一段可知Pythagoras是素食主义之父，故A项正确；根据第三段可知Pythagoras生前认为豆子和人类是由同样的物质构成的，因此禁止他的追随者吃豆子。再根据第四段第一句话“While the edict against beans was lifted not long afterPythagoras' death，his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.”可知尽管在Pythagoras死后，不吃豆子这一点没有坚持太久，但是他的追随者仍然坚持不吃肉，由此推断不出来B；根据第四段第二句可知Pythagoras影响了几代的学者及思想家，故C项正确；根据第三段第一句可知Pythagoras和他的追随者坚持实践素食主义主要是出于宗教和道德目的，故D项正确。所以本题选B。

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[单选题]班主任陈老师通过生杏的酸涩和熟杏的香甜来教育一位早恋的初三女生，告诉她，谈恋爱和吃杏子是一样的道理，中学生还没有生长成熟，此时若谈恋爱，就如同吃生杏子一般，只能又苦又涩；只有到成熟后再去品尝，才会香甜可口，无比幸福，从而使这位女生从早恋中走了出来。这体现了德育的哪一原则?( )

疏导原则

解析：知行统一原则是指既要重视思想道德的理论教育，又要重视组织学生参加实践锻炼，把提高认识和行为养成结合起来，使学生做到言行一致、表里如一。长善救失原则指德育工作中，教育者要善于依靠、发扬学生自身的积极因素，调动学生自我教育的积极性，克服消极因素。有的放矢原则又称因材施教原则，是指进行德育要从学生的思想认识和品德发展的实际出发，根据他们的年龄特征和个性差异进行不同的教育，使每个学生的品德都能得到最好的发展。疏导原则是指进行德育要循循善诱，以理服人，从提高学生认识入手，调动学生的主动性，使他们积极向上。题干中的陈老师在教育早恋的学生时，通过耐心的劝解，引导学生形成对早恋的正确认识从而取得了良好的效果。这体现的是德育的疏导原则。考点点拨：本题考查的是德育原则。德育原则是常考知识点。客观题的考查多是结合教育情境要求考生判断遵循或违背了哪一原则。考生备考时需要注意各个原则强调的核心内容，并在练习中收集和整理相关事例。主观题的考查需要考生熟练掌握每一原则的含义以及基本要求，在答题时能够准确回忆并有一定程度的论述。编者整理了以下部分常考的名言及其对应的德育原则。①纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行——知行统一原则。②一把钥匙开一把锁——因材施教原则。③夫子循循然善诱人，博我以文，约我以礼，欲罢不能——疏导原则。④教者也，长善而救其失者也；“一分为二”地看待学生——长善救失原则。⑤要尽量多地要求一个人，也要尽可能地尊重一个人——严格要求学生与尊重学生相结合原则。

[单选题]实验研究的目的是( )。

揭示变量间的因果关系

解析：实验研究是一种受控制的研究方法，通过一个或多个变量的变化来评估它对一个或多个变量产生的效应。实验主要目的是建立变量之间的因果关系，一般做法是研究者预先提出一种因果关系尝试性假设，然后通过实验操作来检验。故选择C。