正确答案: A

They are initiated to deal with teacher shortages and education inequities.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5题。 　　Passage 2 　　teacher education provided by U,S.colleges and universities has been routinely criticizedsince its inception in the early nineteenth century,sometimes deservedly.These programs,like non-university programs,are uneven in quality and can be improved.What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups,and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers,and to expand independent,alternative routes intoteaching. 　　This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable “momentum” and legitimacy,with venture capitalists,philanthropy,and the U.S.Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding. 　　The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much ofit with independent,private programs.The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government,structure,content,and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal,medical,and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training. 　　Throughout the nation,states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations,and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or,like the state of Washington,have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies.The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the teacher Preparation Academyprovision in the new K-12 education law,the Every Student Succeeds act,which encourages statesto expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities. 　　Because of the increasing tuition rates,a consequence in part,of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U.S.teachers,enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country.Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.Additionally,advocacy groups,philanthropists,and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching. 　　Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solutionto teacher shortages and education inequities,policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

解析：细节题。根据最后一段中的“Given the senousness of the teacher shortage problem inthe United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities”可知，由于美国教师短缺的严重问题，还有大量媒体对于私立师范教育的关注，私立师范教育被认为是解决师资短缺和教育不公的方法。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]Your hair wants________.You'd better have it done tomorrow.

cutting

解析：本题考查主动形式表示被动含义。在want，need，require，deserve，bear等词后面，动名词用主动形式表被动含义，等同于动词不定式的被动形式。本句中的want cutting相当于want to be cut，意思是“你的头发需要剪了”。故本题选C。

[单选题]封建社会的教育目的是培养统治阶层所需要的顺从型人才，有利于巩固并延长封建王朝的统治。这属于教育的( )。

正向功能

解析：按教育作用的性质划分为正向功能与负向功能。教育的正向功能（积极功能）指教育有助于社会进步和个体发展的积极影响和作用。教育的育人功能、经济功能、政治功能、文化功能等往往是指教育正面的、积极的功能。在实施教育的过程中，要促进教育正向功能的实现，必须充分遵循社会发展和人的发展的客观规律。教育的负向功能（消极功能）指阻碍社会进步和个体发展的消极影响和作用。教育的负向功能是由于教育与政治、经济发展不相适应，教育者的价值观念与思维方式不正确、教育内部结构不合理等因素，使教育在不同程度上对社会和人的发展起阻碍作用。故选择A。C、D选项，按教育功能呈现的形式划分为显性功能与隐性功能。教育的显性功能指教育活动依照教育目的，在实际运行中所出现的与之相吻合的结果。如促进人的全面和谐发展、促进社会进步等，就是显性教育功能的表现。显性功能的主要标志是计划性。教育的隐性功能指伴随显性教育功能所出现的非预期性的功能。显性功能与隐性功能的区分是相对的，一旦隐性的潜在功能被有意识地开发、利用，就可以转变成显性教育功能。