正确答案: D

批评教育学生，督促学生养成好习惯

题目：李老师发现一些学生卫生习惯不好，经常在教师里面乱扔废纸。面对这种情况，李老师恰当的做法是（ ）。

解析：学生乱扔废纸，教师应当抓住何时的时机适时而教，批评教育这类学生，督促其养成好习惯。故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]8,8,12,24,60,(

180

解析：虽然此题中相邻项的商并不是一个常数，但它们是按照一定规律排列的，具体为：1，1.5，2，2.5，3，因此答案应为60x3=180，像这种试题我们称之为等比数列的变式。故选择C选项。

[单选题]对于学生或家长给老师送礼现象，下列观点正确的是()。

对于学生制作的手工礼物可以适当接受

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）廉洁从教强调：坚守高尚情操，发扬奉献精神，自觉抵制社会不良风气影响。不利用职责之便谋取私利。不利用职责之便谋取私利。但学生自己制作的小贺卡手工礼物是可以收取的。故选择D。

[单选题]谢晶在全校大会上受到表扬，兴奋不已；会议结束后，当听到几个同学议论“她有什么了不起，你看她长得那个样”时，她又很快陷入极度苦恼之中。谢晶的表现典型地反映了中学生情绪的哪种特点?（ ）。

两极性

解析：两级性是指情绪波动剧烈，容易从一个极端剧烈地转向另一个极端。本题中，谢晶从兴奋到极度苦恼就是很明显的情绪的剧烈摆动。故本题选A。

[单选题] People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem. First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

In analyzing a problem we should do all the following EXCEPT ________.

finding a solution by trail or mistake

解析：1.主旨题。短文以Sam出故障的自行车为例，讨论了解决问题的六个方法步骤。因此符合文章大意的题目应是：Possible Ways to Problem-Solving。故选B。 2.细节题。根据短文各段首句可知分析问题的步骤有：First the person must recognize that there is a problem(认识到问题的存在).Next the thinker must define the problem(定义问题).Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions (分析问题).After studying the problem，the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution(提出解决：问题的建议).Finally the solution is tested(检验解决方法)。故可知只有选项D不符合原文。 3.细节题。作者以Sam出故障的自行车为例告诉我们解决问题的步骤方法。故选项 C正确。 4.细节题。根据短文第一段可知选项B、C、D都正确，选项A表述不正确，应是People do not analyze every problem they meet。故选A。 5.推断题。根据短文倒数第二段中“Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.”可知有时候人会想出办法是因为他发现了新东西或是以新的方式去看待事物。而在Sam的例子中，Sam看到了车轮上的口香糖，即发现了新东西，从而解决了问题。故选项A正确。

[单选题]"外行看热闹，内行看门道"体现了知觉的( )。

理解性

解析：人在知觉某一事物时，总是利用已有的知识和经验去认识它，并把它用词语标志出来，这种感性认识阶段的理解就叫知觉的理解性。

[单选题]小刚数学基础很好，对数学中的定理、公式很容易就能记住，这种记忆是( )。

逻辑记忆

解析：根据记忆内容和经验对象划分：形象记忆、逻辑记忆、情绪记忆、动作记忆。逻辑记忆是以对概念、公式、规律等逻辑思维过程为内容的记忆。题干中，小刚对定理公式的记忆，就属于逻辑记忆。故选择B。A选项，形象记忆：对感知过的事物具体形象的记忆。包括图像记忆和声象记忆。C选项，情绪记忆：对自己体验过的情绪和情感的记忆。D选项，动作记忆：对身体的运动状态和动作技能的记忆。

[单选题]当物体移到100米远处，视网膜上的像相应缩小到距我们1米远时大小的1/100，但是我们知道该物体的大小没有太大变化，称为( )。

大小恒常

解析：恒常性是指客观事物本身不变，但知觉的条件在一定范围内发生变化时，人的知觉的映像仍然保持相对不变的特性。包括大小恒常、形状恒常、颜色恒常等。大小恒常性指的是，物体离我们近时在视网膜上的成像要大于物体离我们远时在视网膜上的成像，但我们实际知觉到的物体的大小不会因此而改变。题干表现的是典型的大小恒常。故选择A。B选项，形状恒常性指的是，当我们从不同的角度看物体时，物体在我们眼中的成像会发生变化，但我们实际知觉到的物体的形状不会改变。C选项，颜色恒常性是指个体对熟悉的物体，当其颜色由于照明等条件的改变而改变时，颜色知觉不因色光改变而趋于保持相对不变的知觉特征。D选项，亮度恒常性指的是在照明条件改变时，物体的相对明度或视亮度保持不变。

[单选题]实用主义教育学是在批判( )的基础上提出来的。

赫尔巴特教育学

解析：实用主义教育学是以杜威为代表的儿童中心主义的教育学，是在批判以赫尔巴特为代表的传统教育学的基础上发展起来的。