正确答案: D

/t/ and /s/

题目：The pair of English phonemes_________differs in the manner of articulation.

解析：本题考查辅音的发音方式。按照发音方式，A项的/k/，/t/和B项的/d/,/g/均为塞音；C项的/s/和/z/均为擦音；D项中的/t/为塞音，/s/为擦音。故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]儿童思维具有一定的弹性，可以进行可逆性推理：去自我中心化，能从他人的角度考虑问题：能进行多维度的思维：已经获得了长度、体积、重量和面积等的守恒概念：开始能凭借具体事物或从具体事物中获得的表象进行逻辑思维和群集运算。由此可以判断儿童的认知发展处于( )。

具体运算阶段

解析：皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论中的具体运算阶段(6、7岁～11、12岁)，儿童的认知结构由前运算阶段的表象图式演化为运算图式。具体运算阶段思维的特点：具有守恒性、脱自我中心性和可逆性。皮亚杰认为，该时期儿童的心理操作着眼于抽象概念，属于运算性（逻辑性）的，但思维活动需要具体内容的支持。题目中描述的就是具体运算阶段儿童的思维特点。

[单选题]"大有大成，小有小成"是( )教学原则具体运用的结果。

因材施教

解析：因材施教原则是指教师要根据学生的实际情况、个别差异，有的放矢地进行教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。根据题干描述，选择D。A项，教学原则中，没有与自觉积极性相关内容，故排除。B项，启发性原则是指教师在教学工作中依据学习过程的客观规律，运用各种教学手段充分调动学生学习主动性、积极性，引导他们独立思考，积极探索，生动活泼地学习，自觉地掌握科学知提高分析问题和解决问题的能力的教学原则。启发最早出自孔子《论语》--"不愤不启，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也"（不到学生努力想弄明白，但仍然想不透的程度时，先不要去开导他；不到学生心里明白，却又不能完善表达出来的程度时，也不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就先不要往下进行了）。《学记》中也有启发原则的观点--"道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达"（要引导学生，但决不牵着学生的鼻子；要严格要求学生，但决不使学生感到压抑；要在问题开头启发学生思考，决不把最终结果端给学生）；"君子之教，喻也"（教学要善于启发诱导）。除了中国古代提出外，西方的苏格拉底的"产婆术"，也提出启发性原则。C项，巩固性原则是指教师要引导学生在理解的基础上牢固地掌握知识和基本技能，而且在需要的时候，能够准确无误地呈现出来，以利于知识、技能的运用。出自<论语》--"学而时习之，不亦说乎"。

[单选题] Back in the old days, when I was a child, we sat around the family round table at dinner time and exchanged our daily experiences.It wasn′t very organized, but everyone was recognized and all the news that had to be told was told by each family member. We listened to each other and the interest was not put-on; it was real.Our family was a unit and we supported each other, and nurtured each other, and liked each other, and-we were even willing to admit-we loved each other. Today, the family round table has moved to the local fast-food restaurant and talk is not easy, much less encouraged. Grandma, who used to live upstairs, is now the voice on long distance, and the working parent is far too beaten down each day to spend evening relaxation time listening to the sandbox experience of an eager four-year-old. So family conversation is as extinct as my old toys and parental questions such as "What have you been doing, Bobby? " have been replaced by "I′m busy, go watch television." And watch TV they do; count them by the millions. But it′s usually not children′s television that children watch.Saturday morning, the children′s hour, amounts to only about 8 percent of their weekly viewing. Where are they to be found?Watching adult television, of course, from the Match Game in the morning, to the afternoon at General Hospital, from the muggings and battles on the evening news right through the family hour and past into Starsky and Hutch.That′s where you find our kids, over five million of them, at 10 p.m., not fewer than a million until after midnight! All of this is done with parental permission. Television, used well, can provide enriching experiences for our young people, but we must use it with some sense.When the carpet is clean, we turn off the vacuum cleaner.When the dishes are clean, the dishwasher turns itself off. Not so the television, which is on from the sun in the moming to the moon at night and beyond! Parents must exercise some control and show some concem about the cultural influence on the child when a program not intended for that child is viewed.Parents need to intervene. Nonintervention may be a wise policy in international affairs, but the results of parental nonintervention will not be wise at all.

According to the writer, the responsibility for the kid′s watching adult television and watching it for a long time should be undertaken by _________ .

their parents

解析：1.由本文前两段的内容和一些词和短语如exchanged our daily expenences，a unit，supported，nurtured，liked，loved可知，在那些过往的日子里，作者一家人其乐融融，所以A项可以表达出这层意思，为正确答案。 2.根据第四段"the working parent is far too beaten down each day to spend evening relaxation time listening to the sandbox experience of an eager four-year-old"可知父母每天工作非常辛苦和疲惫，所以和孩子的交流沟通少了。所以正确答案为B。 3.从第五段到第八段可知，父母没有花费时间和精力陪孩子，让孩子看成人电视节目。从第八段最后一句"All of this is done with parental permission"可知，应该由他们的父母承担起这个责任。 4.由第九段可知我们的年轻人在看电视时要有自我的判断力，只有这样电视节目才能带给我们更多有益的信息。所以B项正确。 5.由最后一段的第二句"Parents must exercise some control and show some concern about the cultural influence on the child when a program not intended for that child is viewed."可知，C项正确。

[单选题]学习是人类和动物普遍存在的现象，这说明学习是( )。

有机体适应阶段的必要条件

解析：学习实质上是一种适应活动。对于动物来说，学习仅是一种有生物意义的活动，而对于人类来讲，学习就不只是简单地适应环境的活动，而具有其社会意义。所以，学习是有机体适应阶段的必要条件。故选择D。