正确答案: C

意大利

题目：望远镜的发明推动了近代天文学的发展。1609年，伽利略亲手制造和改进了望远镜，并用来巡视天空。他的国籍是( )。

解析：伽利略是伟大的意大利数学家、物理学家和天文学家。"两个铁球同时落地"是伽利略做的有名实验。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　The ritual of English tea time is believed to have originated in the late 1700's when Anna.Duchess of Bedford,ordered that a plate of cakes be sent up to her with her afternoon cup of tea. 　　The Duchess chronically experienced a “sinking feeling” (what we would term “low bloodsugar” ) in the late afternoon.To tide her over the long hours between meals she turned to carbohydrates. 　　Other royals immediately copied the Duchess,and afternoon tea parties became quitefashionable.low tables were set up in front of sofas and chairs,and the ladies found a newopportunity to show off pretty clothes,fine China.embroidered linen tablecloths and napkins,andsilver tableware. 　　tea time was also the time to exchange juicy gossip and serve refreshments.Soon darling littlesandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones were being arranged on decorative stands and platesfor the ladies' pleasure. 　　The tea party mania quickly spread across the Atlantic where tea was already enjoyed as abeverage.This fondness for tea was later suppressed by the patriotic Americans during the eraimmediately preceding the American Revolution because of the unreasonable British tax on tea. 　　However,by April 27,1776,Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that “the drinkingof tea can now be indulged.” The custom of afternoon tea parties was not really revived in thiscountry,though,until the mid-1800's,when Victorian ways were in vogue here.leisure-class American ladies began having “kettledrums” at 4p.m.“Kettledrums” was called that in connectionwith the term “teakettle.” Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorianopulence. 　　A Victorian diarist,Maud Berkeley (Maud:The Illustrated Diary of a Victorian Woman,Chronicle Books,1987) gave an anecdote concerning tea time:“Mrs.Barnes had out a lovely tea-cloth for her tea-party,worked all over with cyclamens and honeysuckle.Shoggie Boucher,unusedto such dainty,contrived to slop his tea all over it.Thankful it was not I.as it was,my new featherboA.which I wore for the first time,got into my teacup,causing much alarm and merriment to all assembled.lilian Black-Barnes was,as ever,strong in adversity and wrung out the offending objectin the kitchen sink.Fear it may never be the same again,none the less.” 　　My family,mother,and I were able to relieve some of that sophisticated elegance (minus thedrippy boa) when we had tea at the Ritz in london.The Palm Court,an open area on the groundfioor of the hotel,is a study in turn-of-the-century decor.Gilt statuary,palms,and other plants,andstylishly-set little tables beckon welcomingly under high-up,rose-tinted skylights. 　　Our waiter brought us a selection of finger sandwiches of smoked salmon,ham,cucumber,Cheddar cheese,cream cheese,and chives,or egg salad.Scones (similar to American biscuits) wereoffered with butter,and various preserves and jellies. 　　Along with this we were served Indian or China tea.and hot chocolate for my young daughter.Then the dapper waiter presented a vast tray holding many French pastries and cakes from which wecould choose.After several teeny sandwiches and a couple ofmarmalade-coated scones,a chocolateeclair seemed to add carbohydrate overload to carboload,but“when in England,do as the English do.” 　　This tea feast was served between 3:30 and 5:30p.m.Around 10:00p.m.,we had regained justenough appetite to sample some fish and chips (French fries),and then we put our weary stomachsand ourselves to bed.

Which of the following is a typical feature ofVictorian tea time?

An occasion to show off delicacy and elegance

解析：细节题。根据题干中的“Victorian tea time”定位到文章的第六段。根据“Leisure-class American ladies began having‘kettledrums' at 4p.m.‘Kettledrums' was called that in connection with the term'teakettle.'Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence.”可知，维多利亚时期下午茶的特点是轻松、精致、奢华。故本题选C。述维多利亚时期的下午茶：Barnes夫人用可爱的桌布、各种花草装饰茶会；有人不习惯这种精致，把茶水洒在上面；“我”的羽毛围巾掉进了茶杯里，引起了围观者的警告和嬉笑，有人帮忙在厨房水槽边拧干......。据此可以推断，这个例子是为了说明英国的下午茶是多么精致。故本题选C。

[单选题]12岁的小小是家里的老大，她的爸爸有着严重的重男轻女思想，他不允许小小继续上初中而让她辍学在家帮忙务农，以供家里的弟弟们上学。以下说法错误的是( )。

爸爸的思想保守，但不至于触犯法律

解析：题干中爸爸的行为违反了《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》的有关规定。《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第十三条规定，"父母或者其他监护人应当尊重未成年人受教育的权利，必须使适龄未成年人依法入学接受并完成义务教育，不得使接受义务教育的未成年人辍学"。故B项中"不至于触犯法律"的说法错误。

[单选题]学生掌握了整数、分数、小数的知识后，可以概括为有理数，这是思维过程的( )。

系统化

解析：系统化是指把学到的知识分门别类地按一定程序组成层次分明的整体系统的过程。把整数、分数、小数概括为有理数的过程就是思维系统化的过程。

[单选题]"矮个子里拔高个"指的是学生评价中的个体差异评价。( )A.正确B.错误

解析："矮个子里拔高个"指的是相对评价，相对性评价又称为常模参照性评价，是运用常模参照性测验对学生的学习成绩进行的评价。它主要依据学生个人的学习成绩在该班学生成绩序列或常模中所处的位置来评价和决定他的成绩的优劣，而不考虑他是否达到教学目标的要求。而个体内差异评价是对被评价者的过去和现在进行比较，或将评价对象的不同方面进行比较。

[单选题]陈老师在教学中经常通过口头提问、课堂作业和书面测验等形式对学生的知识和能力进行及时测评与反馈。这种教学评价被称为( )。

形成性评价

解析：根据评价的功能，可将教学评价分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价。诊断性评价是指在学期教学开始或单元教学开始前，对学生现有的知识水平、能力发展的评价。形成性评价是指在教学进程中对学生的知识掌握和能力发展的比较经常而及时的测评与反馈。它包括在一节课或一个课题教学中，对学生的口头提问、课堂作业与评议以及书面测验等，使教师与学生都能及时获得反馈信息。总结性评价也称终结性评价，是在一个大的学习阶段，如一个学期或一门学科终结时，对学生学习的成果进行的较正规的、制度化的考查、考试及其成绩的伞面评定。根据评价的标准，可将教学评价分为相对性评价、绝对性评价和个体内差异评价。相对性评价又称常模参照性评价，是运用常模参照性测验对学生的学习成绩进行的评价。题干表述的教学评价属于形成性评价。

[多选题]请简要叙述确立教学重难点的依据。

[单选题]通过奖励一些行为使之越来越接近期望的目标，这种促使学生行为改变的方法即行为塑造法。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：通过不断强化逐渐趋近目标的反应，来形成某种较复杂的行为。这种促使学生行为改变的方法称为行为塑造法。

[单选题]在班级管理过程中，采取班干部轮换和值日生制。这种模式属于( )。

民主管理

解析：班级民主管理是指班级成员在服从班集体的正确决定和承担责任的前提下参与班级全程管理的一种管理方式。其要求有：组织全体学生参与班级全程管理，即在班级管理的计划、实行、检查和总结的各个阶段，都让学生参与进来；建立班级民主管理制度，如干部轮换制度、定期评议制度、值日生制度、民主教育活动制度等。题目中的描述属于民主管理。

[单选题]下列选项属于班级授课制优越性的是( )。

促进学校教育的普及

解析：暂无