正确答案:

题目：阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。 　　有一幅关于读书的漫画。图中三人，第一人站在平地上，眼前是日常所见的场景；第二人站在一堆书上面，见到的却是一片混沌，远处有一丝曙光；第三人则站在一堆摞得很高的书上，当书堆的高度跨越了漫长的黑暗之后，他看见了更加灿烂的阳光和更辉煌的世界。 　　但有人说，光把书堆高还不行，选择哪些书，怎样学习，是需要讲究方法和技巧的。 　　综合上述材料所引发的思考和感悟，写一篇不少于800字的论说文。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作；角度自选，立意自定，标题自拟。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"十个手指有长短"这句话表明，在学生发展过程中存在( )。

个体差异性

解析：以人为本学生观强调，学生身心发展的个别差异性，强调学生之间存在个体差异。"十个手指有长短"，就体现了不同学生间的个体差异。故选择D。A选项顺序性，强调发展过程是由低级到高级，有顺序的发展过程：教学启示：要循序渐进，不能"拔苗助长"。B选项阶段性，强调不同阶段学生有不同发展特点，有不同的教育内容和教育方法；教育启示：不能搞"一刀切"、"一锅煮"。C选项互补性，强调某一种身心机能出现缺失，其它机能进行补充：教育启示：结合实际、扬长避短。

[多选题]个体身心发展的顺序性决定教育、教学工作应循序渐进。( )

解析：顺序性强调发展过程是由低级到高级，有顺序的发展过程；教学启示为要循序渐进，不能"拔苗助长"。

[单选题]对于培养学生智力技能最具有现实意义的途径是( )。

结合教材知识教学，训练学生掌握智力活动规则和课题解答程序

解析：智力技能是借助内部言语在头脑中实现的认识活动方式。这种认知活动借助内部言语按合理的、完善的程序组织起来，并且一环扣一环，仿佛自动化地进行着。结合教材知识教学，训练学生掌握智力活动规则和课题解答程序是培养学生智力技能最具有现实意义的途径。

[单选题]教师心理健康的标准是( )。

能与现实环境保持接触

解析：心理健康是一种良好的、持续的心理状态与过程，表现为个人具有生命的活力、积极的内心体验、良好的社会适应、能够有效地发挥个人的身心潜力以及作为社会一员的积极的社会功能，可排除A，B，D。

[单选题]Passage 1 　　Today's adults grew up in and economic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed: one year per grad amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary: some of us learned a great deal;some, very little. As we advanced through the grades,those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites with in the allotted time failed to learn that which followed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind, we were, in effect, spread along an achievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each students rank in class upon graduation. 　　From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as cap-able learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them. they became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their emotional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on formal and informal assessments. 　　But there were other students who didn't fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance plummeted These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their performance on assessments. 　　Consider the reality--indeed, the paradox--of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools: the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it rein-forced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying(even dropped out of school) that was regarded as the students problem not the teachers or the school's. 　　Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The "data-based decision makers"in this process are students themselves Students are deciding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making process include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks all triggered by students' perceptions of their own capabilities as reflected in assessment results. 　　Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect,drove down the achievement of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minorities. 　　Passage 1

What is the author 's attitude towards the old mission of assessment?

Negative

解析：作者在第二、三段分别阐述了学校的评估对于学习好的学生和学习不好的学生的情感效应，即学习好的学生越来越积极，学习不好的学生越来越消极。第四段提到即使学生成绩不好甚至辍学，这也被认为是学生自己的问题，而不是学校或教师的责任。作者的观点是学校不该让学生越来越消极。通过整篇的用词诸如最后一段“the downside victims”等可知，作者对于学校1日的评估工作是持消极态度的。故选择C。

[单选题]For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the students then have to apply the rule to given situation, the method is defined as________method.

deductive

解析：考查语法教学。教师先展示语法规则，然后让学生运用规则操练，这是典型的演绎教学法。

[单选题]俗话说"一寸光阴一寸金"。这里的"一寸"是用古代哪种计时器量出的时间单位？( )

日晷

解析：日晷由晷盘和晷针两部分组成，晷盘为石质，四周刻有子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥等12个度，用来表示时辰。晷针为铜质，立于晷面正中并垂直于晷面。晷针的影子指向晷盘的某一位置，便可知道是白天的某一时刻。"寸晷"指一寸长的影子，借指时间。"一寸光阴"就是晷盘上晷针的影子移动一寸距离所耗费的时间。

[单选题]What role does the teacher play at the feedback stage?

Assessor.

解析：本题考查教师角色。在教学反馈阶段，教师的角色是评价者，故本题选A。