正确答案: C

探索创新

题目：宋老师发现有的学生常将"鸟"和"乌"混淆，就编写了首儿歌。"小鸟小鸟有眼睛，没有眼睛看不见。他创编了很多类似的儿歌，对学生识字有很大帮助。宋老师的做法体现的师德规范是()。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008修订）"终身学习"规定，教师要树立终身学习理念，拓宽知识视野，更新知识结构，不断提高专业素养和数育教学水平。题目中宋老师的做法体现了其创新精神，故选择C项。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]捷克教育家夸美纽斯高度评价了教师的作用，他把教师赞誉为( )。

太阳底下最光辉的职业

解析：捷克教育家夸美纽斯赞誉教师为"太阳底下最光辉的职业"，加里宁称教师是"人类灵魂的工程师"。

[单选题]活动课程又称( )。

学生中心课程

解析：本题考查了课程的分类。其中，根据课程的设计形式可将课程分为学科课程和活动课程。学科课程是按各种不同的学科划分门类，并按照知识的逻辑体系加以设计的课程。活动课程，是从学生的兴趣和需要出发，以学生为中心设计的课程，所以又称"学生中心课程"。故选择C。A选项，分科课程的特点是单科形式，使学生获得逻辑严密和条理清晰的文化知识。D选项，学科课程是当今世界各国中小学课程的主要类型，主张分科设置课程，即从学科知识整体中选取关联密切的内容组成一门学科，分科组织教学。代表人物为夸美纽斯、赫尔巴特、斯宾塞。

[单选题]奥苏贝尔认为，学生学习的实质是( )。

有意义接受学习

解析：奥苏贝尔认为，学生的学习主要是接受学习，学习应该是通过接受而发生，而不是通过发现。故选择C。A选项，有意义发现学习是指学生要学习的概念、原理等内容不直接呈现，需要学生通过独立思考、探索、发现而获得。B选项，接受学习是将学生要学习的概念、原理等内容以结论的方式呈现在学生面前，教师传授，学生接受。D选项，合作学习是指通过讨论、交流、观点争论，相互补充和修正，共享集体思维成果，完成对所学知识的意义建构的过程。

[单选题]艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线说明遗忘的规律是( )。

先快后慢

解析：19世纪末德国心理学家艾宾浩斯的"遗忘曲线"表明遗忘的进程不均匀，有先快后慢的特点。

[单选题]Birds are a critical part of our ecologicalsystem. But more than ever, birds arethreatened by human pollution and climate change. 　　We need the birds to eat insects, move seeds and pollen around, transfer nutrients from seato land, clean up after the mass death of the annual Pacific salmon runs, or when a wild animal falls anywhere in a field or forest. 　　How could we enjoy spring without the birdsflitting busily in our garden or dropping by to check out the flowers in our urbanwindow box? Can you contemplate Americawithout the soaring bald eagle, or even thosescavengers like the pigeons and gulls that clean up discarded food scraps on our citystreets and waterfronts? How diminished ourlives would be without them? 　　Scavenging eagles and condors need huntersto behave responsibly and bury, or remove,the remains of any shot deer peppered withfragments of lead bullets. Loons, ducks and other water birds will be poisoned bylead bullets and lead fishing sinkers if we allow such objects to drop in their feeding space. 　　All sea and shore birds, even the puffins and guillemots of the otherwise pristine Aleutians, need us to make sure that no otherheavy metals, like mercury and cadmium, are dumped in rivers and make their way acrossthe oceans. 　　Birds like the terns, knots and shearwatersthat migrate between the far north and deep, deep, south of our planet need people everywhere to cease and desist from fillingin their wetland fuel stops and rest stations,and from constructing golfing resorts andfactories in their feeding and breeding grounds. 　　Seabirds are among the most endangeredvertebrate species on the planet, with the International Union for Conservation ofNature classifying 97 species as globallythreatened, and 17 in the highest category of critically threateneD.Of greatest concern arethe pelicans of the southern oceans and thespectacular, but slow-breeding albatross.Plastic bags must be eliminated from natural environments so sea and shore birds don'tmistakenly carry such debris back to feed their chicks, with invariably lethal consequences.The albatross, cormorants and herons need usto stop over-fishing and compromising theirnormal food supply. 　　The pelicans, penguins and all the birds thatinhabit, or visit, our coastlines need us to ensure that we do not dump oil into gulfs and bays, or release so much carbon dioxideinto the atmosphere that the oceans turn acidic and we lose the mussels arid oysters,the mass of calcareous plankton that feedsso many creatures, and the coral reefsthat nurture enormous numbers of ediblespecies. 　　Think about it. We share this small greenp lanet.As they fly, feed and nest, the birdsmonitor the health of the natural world for us,provided that we, in turn, make the effort to access that key information. 　　The birds and humans are both large, complex and ultimately vulnerable organisms thatinhabit the top of the food chain. At the end ofthe day, their fate will be our fate.

What does the author intend to do inwriting the passage?

To explain a basic tie between birds and human beings.

解析：句意为“作者在写这篇文章时的意图是什？”。A项，意为“评估鸟类对于拯救地球的重要性”；B项，意为“描述保护鸟类的各种措施”；C项，意为“批评人类污染对鸟类带来的影响”；D项，意为“解释鸟类和人类之间的基本联系”。文章第一段指出鸟类是生态系统的关键环，但是鸟类正遭到前所未有的人为污染和气候变化的威胁：二、三段介绍鸟类对生态环境、城市以及人类生活的重要性：四至九段介绍人类应该如何做来保护鸟类：最后两段再次点明鸟类和人类是相互依存的关系，最终，它们的命运就是我们的命运。可见作者写此文的目的是为了解释鸟类和人类的基本关系，故选择D。