正确答案: C

"纽伦堡审判"

题目："二战"结束后，在亚洲和欧洲分别对主要战犯进行了审判。亚洲审判史称"东京审判"，欧洲审判被称为( )。

解析："二战"结束后，同盟国为惩罚战争罪犯，分别在欧洲和亚洲对战犯进行审判。其中，在东京的亚洲国际军事法庭进行的审判史称"东京审判"，在德国纽伦堡的欧洲国际军事法庭进行的审判史称"纽伦堡审判"。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"干越夷貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也"这句话反映了下列哪种因素对人发展的作用？( )

教育

解析：原文出自《荀子·劝学》。大意为：干国、越国，夷族和貉族的孩子，生下来时他们的哭声是一样的，然而，他们长大后习性却不同，这是因为后天的教化使他们这样的。

[多选题]材料：某校对高一学生进行了一次有关新教材课外读本阅读情况的调查，结果2/3以上的学生完成情况很不理想。这一数字让语文老师们十分震惊，如果不扩大知识面，单靠课本上的材料，怎么能全面提高学生的语文水平呢？针对这个问题，王老师设计了“语文课进阅览室”的具体方案：学生在阅览室阅读自己喜欢的刊物，并组成兴趣小组，使阅读与研究、交流相结合：搭建“语文课进阅览室交流平台”，以学生为主持人分享同学们的“荐杂文”“知类文”“谈方法”“说感悟”，让学生在阅读中发现问题，激发学生的学习兴趣。方案提出以后，老师们都觉得不错。学校领导对此给予了大力支持，并选择了高一年级的五个班进行每周在阅览室上一节语文课的试验。但这种教学方式要求任课教师花费更多的心血来备课和提高自己的文学修养，这对于已经非常繁忙的老师们来说，无疑是个重负。一段时间下来，王老师惊讶地发现两个“没想到”：第一个是“没想到”课堂秩序会那么好，进了阅览室，大家各就各位，很快进入阅读环节；第二个是“没想到”见效这么快，半个学期的十多节课下来，学生们的阅读能力和作文水平普遍有了提高，在期中考试中的语文成绩也明显提高。而且学生们都说喜欢这种上课方式。问题：结合基础教育课程改革，谈谈你对材料中语文阅读教学改革试验的看法。（18分）

[单选题]In trying to get across a message,an EFl learner may use________strategies to make upfor a lack of knowledge of grammar or vocabulary.

communicative

解析：本题考查英语学习策略。句意为“在努力将信息成功传达给别人时，英语学习者可以采用____策略来弥补语法或词汇知识的不足”。学习策略指学生为了有效地学习语言和使用语言而采取的各种行动和步骤。英语学习策略包括认知策略（cognitive strategies）、调控策略（control strategies）、交际策略（communicative strategies）和资源策略(resourcing strategies)等。其中，交际策略是指学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以及提高交际效果而采取的各种策略。当英语学习者由于缺乏必要的语法或词汇知识而不知道如何表达时，为了让别人明白自己的意思，可以借助手势或表情等非语言手段来克服语言障碍，从而维持交际。这属于学习策略中的交际策略。故本题选A。本题容易误选C，注意该题干中get across短语的意思是“让对方了解你要传达的意思”。

[多选题]简述活动课程的特点。

[单选题]The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagorasis best known today for his mathematicaltheorem, which haunts the dreams ofmany geometry students, but for centurieshe was also celebrated as the father ofvegetarianism. A meatless diet was referred to as a “Pythagorean diet” for years, up until themodern vegetarian movement began in themid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of ameatless diet, humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history. Most anthropologists agree that early humanswould have eaten a predominantly plant-based diet; after all, plants can't run away.Additionally, our digestive systems resemblethose of herbivores closer than carnivorous animals. Prehistoric man ate meat, of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practicedvegetarianism for several reasons, mainly dueto religious and ethical objections. Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls. Animalswere no exception, so meat and fish were banished from his table. Strangely enough, he also banished a vegetable that has a place ofhonor on most vegetarian menus today, thehumble bean. His followers were forbidden to eat or even touch beans, because he thought beans and humans were created from thesame material. Fava beans were especially bad, as they have hollow steams that could allow the souls of the dead to travel up fromthe soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was liftednot long after Pythagoras' death, hisfollowers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers, and it was a group of these like-minded individuals whofounded the Vegetarian Society in English inthe mid-1800s. The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals, while lust, drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich in meat products. Notable earlyvegetarians included Leo Tolstoy, George Bernard Shaw, Mahatma Gandhi and American Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father of “Little Women”author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianismmoved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student namedFrancis Moore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet. In it, she advocated ameatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have muchless impact on the environment than meat does. Today, many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues, or concernsover animal treatment, a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work AnimalLiberation.

Which of the following is true according tothe passage?

Francis Moore Lappe is a contemporary vegetarian.

解析：句意为“根据文章，哪个选项是正确的？”。A项，意为“毕达哥拉斯对生物学有巨大的贡献”，根据文章第一段可知，毕达哥拉斯对数学和素食主义有贡献。B项，意为“毕达哥拉斯认为豆子是像人类一样有灵魂的”，根据文章第三段中的“becausehe thought beans and humans were createdfrom the same material.”可知，毕达哥拉斯不吃豆子是因为他觉得豆子和人类的构成物质是一样的，不是像人类一样有灵魂。C项，意为“弗朗西斯·穆尔·拉佩是当代素食主义者”，由最后一段可知，素食主义在美国兴起是在1960s，加速是在1970s，那时一个叫弗朗西斯·穆尔·拉佩的人写了《改变生活的新饮食方式》一书，并提倡素食主义，指出不吃肉的原因是为了保护环境，根据时间可知弗朗西斯·穆尔·拉佩是当代素食主义者。D项，意为“布朗森和他的女儿都是素食主义者”，文章中并未提及布朗森·爱尔考特的女儿。故选择C。

[单选题]学生掌握了"哺乳动物"的概念后，理解"鲸"的含义，属于( )。

下位学习

解析：下位学习，当认知结构中的原有观念其抽象、概括和包摄性高于新知识，新旧知识建立下位联系，新知识类属于旧知识时，产生下位学习或类属学习。上位学习也叫作总括性学习，当新知识的抽象、概括和包摄性高于旧知识，新旧知识建立上位联系时，产生上位学习。并列结合学习又称并列组合学习，是指新知识与原有观念既无上位，也无下位的特殊联系。鲸属于哺乳动物，因此题干描述的是下位学习。

[单选题]教育目的所要回答的根本问题是( )。

教育要培养怎样的人

解析：教育目的是指教育所要培养的人的质量和规格的总要求，即解决把受教育者培养成什么样的人的问题。故选择B。A项，把教育引向何方，是教育方针的内容。C项，教育为谁服务，是指教育培养的人要服务于资本主义还是社会主义。D项，教育如何培养人，是指教育应该采取什么样的策略方法和制度来培养全面发展的人。