正确答案: B

Vagueness.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　In the field of psychology,there has long been a certain <u>haziness</u> surrounding the definition of creativity,an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation.During our conversation,Mark Beeman,a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University,told me that he used to be reluctant to tell people what his area of study was,for fear of being dismissed or misunderstood.What,for instance,crosses your mind when you think of creativity? Well,we know that someone is creative if he produces new things or has new ideas.And yet,as John Kounios,a psychologist at Drexel University who collaborates frequently with Beeman,points out,that view is wrong,or at least not entirely right."Creativity is the process,not the product," he says. 　　To illustrate,Beeman offers an example.Imagine someone who has never used or seen a paperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch ofpapers together.Then the person comes up with a new way of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place. "<u>That</u> was very creative," Beeman says.On the flip side,if someone works in a new field-Beeman gives the example of nanotechnology-anything that he produces may be considered inherently "creative".But was the act of producing it actually creative? As Beeman put it,"Not all artists are creative.And some accountants are very creative." 　　Insight,however,has proved less difficult to define and to study.Because it arrives at a specific moment in time,you can isolate it,examine it,and analyze its characteristics."Insight is only one part of creativity," Beeman says."But we can measure it.We have a temporal marker that something just happened in the brain.I'd never say that's all of creativity,but it's a central, identifiable component." When scientists examine insight in the lab.they are looking at what types of attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis: If you are trying to facilitate 　　a breakthrough,are there methods you can use that help? If you feel stuck on a problem,are there tricks to get you through? 　　In a recent study,Beeman and Kounios followed people's gazes as they attempted to solve what's called the remote-associates test,in which the subject is given a series of words,like "pine" "crab" and "sauce" and has to think of a single word that can logically be paired with all of them.They wanted to see if the direction of a person's eyes and her rate ofblinking could shed light on her approach and on her likelihood of success.It turned out that if the subject looked directly at a word and focused on it-that is,blinked less frequently,signaling a higher degree of close attention-she was more likely to be thinking in an analytical,convergent fashion,going through possibilities that made sense and systematically discarding those that didn't.If she looked at "pine" say,she might.be thinking of words like "tree" "cone" and "needle" ,then testing each option to see if it fit with the other words.When the subject stopped looking at any specific worD.either by moving her eyes or by blinking,she was more likely to think of broader,more abstract associations.That is a more insight-oriented approach."You need to learn not just to stare but to look outside your focus," Beeman says.(The solution to this remote-associates test: "apple" .) 　　As it turns out,by simple following someone's eyes and measuring her blinks and fixation times,Beeman's group can predict how someone will likely solve a problem and when she is nearing that solution.That's an important consideration for would-be creative minds: it helps us understand how distinct patterns of attention may contribute to certain kinds ofinsights.

解析：词汇题。根据第一段中的“In the field of psychology,there has long been a certain haziness surrounding the definition of creativity,an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation.”可知，在心理学领域，“创造性”一直没有形成准确的定义。大家所持的态度就是“当我看到创造力的时候，我就知道什么是创造力”，以这种态度避开了对创造力定义的精确化。既然是避开了精确化，那

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教育者要在儿童发展的关键期施以相应的教育，这是因为人的教育具有( )。

不均衡性

解析：个体身心发展的不平衡性表现在两个方面：一是同一方面的发展速度在不同的年龄阶段变化是不平衡的。二是不同方面发展的不平衡性。发展关键期是指身体或心理的某一方面机能和能力最适宜于形成的时期。在这一时期，对个体某一方面的训练可以获得最佳成效，并能充分发挥个体在这一方面的潜力。教育教学工作要抓住关键期，以求在最短时间内取得最佳的效果。

[单选题]直接决定教育性质的是( )。

社会的政治经济制度

解析：政治经济制度决定教育的性质，主要体现在政治经济制度决定教育的领导权：决定着受教育的权利：决定着教育目的的性质和思想品德教育内容。

[单选题]我国教育目的的根本性质是( )。

坚持社会主义方向

解析：坚持社会主义方向是我国教育目的的根本性质。

[单选题]综合素质一职业道德一中小学教师职业道德规范-《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）江西23岁的中学女教师卢某因不想当老师而来跑到外地玩，与他人失联20余日。9月开学，学校学生还等着她回去上课，但也只能暂由学校其他老师帮忙代课。卢某的行为违背了()的职业道德规范。

爱岗敬业

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》规定教师要"爱岗敬业"。要求教师要忠诚于人民教育事业，志存高远，勤恳敬业，甘为人梯，乐于奉献。对工作高度负责，认真备课上课，认真批改作业，认真辅导学生。不得敷衍塞责。材料中的女教师的行为对工作不负责，违背了爱岗敬业的职业道德规范。故选择C。

[单选题]Which of the following activities is communicative?

Jigsaw listening.

解析：考查听力教学活动。Jigsaw是一种拼图游戏，把零散的部分拼成一幅完整的图画。Jigsaw listening(组合式听力训练)是把Jigsaw的理念、做法与听力教学相结合。其操作方法是：把听力材料分解成若干零散片段，每组负责一个片段，精听理解并完成相关任务(如填表格)，然后与其他人进行沟通交流，形成小组进行讨论交流，从而对信息进行符合逻辑的整合，将听力材料复原，最后从整体上理解。A项涉及小组讨论交流活动，而B、C、D项都是常规的练习方法，没有体现交流活动。

[单选题]"关键期"的存在表明了个体身心发展具有( )的特征

不平衡性

解析：个体身心发展的规律包括顺序性、阶段性、不平衡性、互补性、差异性。关键期是指个体发展过程中环境影响能起最大作用的时期。个体身心发展的不平衡性强调不同时期，人的发展速度不同，关键期是不平衡性的体现。故选择C。A选项，个别差异性，强调不同学生间存在差异；教学启示是因材施教，有的放矢。B选项，连续性，强调发展各个阶段相互衔接，阶段性与连续性现结合，量变与质变相结合。D选项，顺序性，强调发展过程是由低级到高级，有顺序的发展过程；教学启示是要循序渐进，不能"拔苗助长"。

[多选题]学习动机与学习效果成正比。

[单选题]每次上新课前，老师都会预设问题激发学习，并让学生预习，这符合桑代克"学习定律"中的( )。

准备律

解析：桑代克的"试误说"有三个重要的学习定律，分别是准备律、效果律、练习律，题干中提前预习，符合准备律的特点。