正确答案: A

adequately probe social and biological factors

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Come on-Everybody's doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the CluB.Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 　　Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina.a state-sponsored antismoking program called rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South AfricA.an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 　　The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology."Dare to be different,please don't smoke! " pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure. 　　But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. 　　There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. 　　Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world.as in school,we insist on choosing our own friends.

解析：推断题。第四段提到“Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful"，即Join the Club这本书中充斥着太多无关的细节，却没有充分探索那些使同侪压力如此强大的社会和生物因素，因此只有A项“（未能）充分探究社会和生物因素”与之吻合，fails to adequately probe social and biological factors就是原文not enough exploration of the social and biological factors的同义再现。B项“（未能）有效避免社会治疗的缺点”原文未提及，C项“（未能）阐释政府资助的功能”和D项“（未能）产生持久的社会效果”属于张冠李戴。

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[单选题] There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium to skill"-or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned-decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year- round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900,62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There's no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn't come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the Uruversity of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren't evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product-like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider. As with automobiles, consumers in today's college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车):an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

Students who attend an in-state university can ________ in Colorado.

save a half than out-state students on tuition

解析：1.推断题。文中第三段倒数第二句提到“Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there?”即在 Colorado内的学生支付的学费是$17380，仅为州外学生的一半，故选C。A、B、D都没有提到。 2.细节题。文中第二段第一句提到“…the“labor-market premium to skill”-or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned-decreased for much of the 20th century”即在20世纪，大学生和高中毕业生之间的工资差距越来越少，选项C符合题意，故选C。 3.细节题。文中第三段有一系列的反问句，最后两句说“Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17，380) there? Not likely.”即更高的学费并不代表以后会有更高的收入，即它们之间的关系很小，故选B。 4.细节题。文中第一段最后一句提到“…fund four years of partying，as well as studying， can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends”即：不像是许多银行的股票，四年的学习应该可以带来巨大的利润。即把大学教育当成了一项明智的投资，故选D。 5.态度题。文中最后一段最后一句提到“In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid; an expensive consumer product that, over time，will pay rich dividends”即大学是项昂贵的投资，但随着时间的推移，可能会有很丰富的利润，故选B。

[单选题]现代学校最早出现于( )。

17世纪

解析：本题考查了现代学校的起源。现代学校最早萌芽于文艺复兴时期。1632年夸美纽斯在《大教学论》中论述的班级授课制是现代学校产生的标志。故选择B。

[单选题]要求教学以课本为中心、教师为中心、课堂为中心的是( )。

学科课程论

解析：学科中心主义课程理论，主张教学内容应以学科为中心，教材必须按照科学的逻辑系统和学生的认知心理活动来组织，以便使学生能较好地掌握人类科学文化知识的精华。故选择A。没有课堂中心论和程序课程论这种说法，故排除C、D选项。B选项，活动课程论指以经验为中心的课程理论。奠定活动课程论理论基础的是19世纪至20世纪初美国实用主义教育家杜威。他认为"学校科目相互关系的真正中心，不是科学，不是文学，不是历史，不是地理，而是儿童本身的社会活动。

[单选题]在外部条件大致相同的课堂教学中，每个学生学习的需要和动机不同，对教学的态度和行为也各式各样，这反映了下列哪种因素对学生身心发展的影响？( )

个体能动性

解析：学习需要和动机属于个体主观能动性的体现。

[单选题]从儿童心理发展特征看，小学生记忆的主要方式是( )。

形象记忆

解析：小学生记忆的主要方式是形象记忆。

[单选题]义务教育具有强制性、免费性和( )。

普及性

解析：义务教育是依据法律规定，适龄儿童和少年必须接受的，国家、社会、学校、家庭必须予以保证的国民教育。义务教育是强迫教育，具有强制性（义务性）、公益性（免费性）和普及性（统一性）。

[单选题]学校派张老师参加省里组织的骨干教师培训，但按学校的相关规定，应扣除张老师500元的绩效工资。学校的这项规定( )。

侵犯了教师权利

解析：教师有获得报酬待遇权利。教师的报酬必须按时发放，不得拖欠教师的报酬，不得克扣或变相克扣教师的工资。教师有权要求足额支付工资报酬，包括基础工资、职务工资、课时津贴、奖金及其他津贴在内的所有工资收入。因此，学校扣除教师工资收入，侵犯了教师的报酬待遇权。故选择D。