正确答案: C

提高质量

题目：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》提出，把( )作为教育改革发展的核心任务。

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》第二条工作方针指出：把提高质量作为教育改革发展的核心任务。把促进公平作为国家基本教育政策。把改革创新作为教育发展的强大动力。把育人为本（德育为先）作为教育工作的根本要求。把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位。故选择C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]某县中学教师李某对学校给予他的处分不服，李某可以提出申诉的机构是( )。

当地县教育行政主管部门

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第三十九条规定：教师对学校或者其他教育机构侵犯其合法权益的，或者对学校或者其他教育机构作出的处理不服的，可以向教育行政部门提出申诉，教育行政部门应当在接到申诉的三十日内，作出处理。李某对学校给予他的处分不服，可以依法向学校的上级主管部门提出申诉。故选择C。

[单选题]教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。国家实行( )与( )相分离。

教育、宗教

解析：《中华人民共和国教育法》第八条规定：教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。国家实行教育与宗教相分离。任何组织和个人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育制度的活动。故选择D。

[单选题]教育是一种社会现象，它产生于社会生活的需要，而归根到底产生于( )。

生产活动

解析：劳动起源说认为，劳动是整个人类社会生活的第一个根本条件，劳动创造了人类社会，创造了人类本身，劳动的复杂性要求通过教育把人类的经验传递给下一代。因此，教育归根到底产生于生产劳动。

[多选题]下列属于古代教育发展特点的是( )。

具有鲜明的阶级性和等级性

脱离生产劳动

形式简单

解析：中国古代教育的特点：具有鲜明的阶级性、等级性；教育与生产劳动相脱离；教育形式简单；学校教育的类型多样化：教育的内容主要是以道德文章或宗教经典为主：教育教学方法主要以严格的纪律约束为主，辅以个人自学和修行；形成了比较系统的教育体系，积累了比较丰富的教育经验，提出了比较丰富的教育教学思想。

[单选题]下列不属于综合实践活动内容的是( )。

德育

解析：综合实践活动课程是指在教师的指导下，由学生自主进行的综合性学习活动，他是基于学生经验，密切联系学生的生活和社会实际，体现对知识综合应用的学习活动。包括研究性学习、社区服务和社会实践、劳动与技术教育以及信息技术教育。德育属于课堂教学而非综合实践活动。故选择B

[单选题]人们往往容易看到物体的通常用途.却看不到该物体的其他新用途的现象称为( )。

功能固着

解析：功能固着是指人们把某种功能赋予某种物体的倾向，认定原有的行为就不会再去考虑其他方面的作用。

[多选题]中学生记忆的发展特点表现为( )。

有意记忆逐渐占主导地位

以理解意义为主要记忆手段

抽象记忆占主导地位

解析：中学生记忆的特点是：(1)记忆的容量日益增大，短时记忆广度接近成人；(2)对直观形象的材料记忆要优于抽象材料，对图形记忆要优于词语；(3)有意记忆逐渐占主导地位；(4)理解记忆成为主要记忆手段；(5)抽象记忆逐渐占据主导地位。而6至13岁，则为一生中记忆发展的黄金时期，故选A，B，C。

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, andmathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasinglytechnically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is askingthat educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebrationof differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designedto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environmentsurrounding the prospect of being evaluatedmust change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can acnieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiatedinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards. 　　The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay.The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. Thisnew understanding has spawned increasedinterest in formative assessment in recentyears.

What do the“academic achievementstandards”in Paragraph 1 refer to?

Differentiated levels of competencespecified for students with different abilities.

解析：根据关键词所在文中的句子“We call those expectations our'academic achievementstandards’.”可知其对应的就是“those expectations“所指的内容。根据前面一句话“society Is asking that educators raise upthe bottom of the rank-order distribution to aspecified level of competence.”故选择C。