正确答案: B

To discern connection between close attention and insights.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　In the field of psychology,there has long been a certain <u>haziness</u> surrounding the definition of creativity,an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation.During our conversation,Mark Beeman,a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University,told me that he used to be reluctant to tell people what his area of study was,for fear of being dismissed or misunderstood.What,for instance,crosses your mind when you think of creativity? Well,we know that someone is creative if he produces new things or has new ideas.And yet,as John Kounios,a psychologist at Drexel University who collaborates frequently with Beeman,points out,that view is wrong,or at least not entirely right."Creativity is the process,not the product," he says. 　　To illustrate,Beeman offers an example.Imagine someone who has never used or seen a paperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch ofpapers together.Then the person comes up with a new way of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place. "<u>That</u> was very creative," Beeman says.On the flip side,if someone works in a new field-Beeman gives the example of nanotechnology-anything that he produces may be considered inherently "creative".But was the act of producing it actually creative? As Beeman put it,"Not all artists are creative.And some accountants are very creative." 　　Insight,however,has proved less difficult to define and to study.Because it arrives at a specific moment in time,you can isolate it,examine it,and analyze its characteristics."Insight is only one part of creativity," Beeman says."But we can measure it.We have a temporal marker that something just happened in the brain.I'd never say that's all of creativity,but it's a central, identifiable component." When scientists examine insight in the lab.they are looking at what types of attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis: If you are trying to facilitate 　　a breakthrough,are there methods you can use that help? If you feel stuck on a problem,are there tricks to get you through? 　　In a recent study,Beeman and Kounios followed people's gazes as they attempted to solve what's called the remote-associates test,in which the subject is given a series of words,like "pine" "crab" and "sauce" and has to think of a single word that can logically be paired with all of them.They wanted to see if the direction of a person's eyes and her rate ofblinking could shed light on her approach and on her likelihood of success.It turned out that if the subject looked directly at a word and focused on it-that is,blinked less frequently,signaling a higher degree of close attention-she was more likely to be thinking in an analytical,convergent fashion,going through possibilities that made sense and systematically discarding those that didn't.If she looked at "pine" say,she might.be thinking of words like "tree" "cone" and "needle" ,then testing each option to see if it fit with the other words.When the subject stopped looking at any specific worD.either by moving her eyes or by blinking,she was more likely to think of broader,more abstract associations.That is a more insight-oriented approach."You need to learn not just to stare but to look outside your focus," Beeman says.(The solution to this remote-associates test: "apple" .) 　　As it turns out,by simple following someone's eyes and measuring her blinks and fixation times,Beeman's group can predict how someone will likely solve a problem and when she is nearing that solution.That's an important consideration for would-be creative minds: it helps us understand how distinct patterns of attention may contribute to certain kinds ofinsights.

解析：细节题。根据第三段中的“When scientists examine insight in the lab，they are looking at what types of attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis"，当科学家们在实验室检测洞察力时，他们所观察的是何种类型的注意力和思维过程可以带来顿悟，即实验目的是通过对比实验中的两种观察和思维方式，来了解注意力与洞察力之间的相互作用。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]心理发展的不平衡体现在( )。

个体不同系统在发展速度上的不同

个体不同系统在发展的起讫时间上的不同

个体不同系统在发展达到成熟时期上的进程不同

解析：D项是心理发展差异性的表现。

[单选题]教育工作者的真正威信在于他的( )。

人格力量

解析：教育工作的真正威信在于他的人格力量，故选择B。AD选项都不是教育工作者威信的真正来源，只是形成威信的一个辅助条件。

[单选题]皮亚杰认为.儿童的道德判断从他律进入自律阶段的年龄是( )。

10岁左右

解析：皮亚杰认为在10岁以前，儿童对道德行为的判断主要是依据他人设定的外在标准.称为他律道德。在10岁以后，儿童的判断主要是依据自己认可的内在标准，称为自律道德。

[多选题]在制定班规的过程中，需注意科学性、群众性、均衡发展、稳定性和宽容性。( )

解析：暂无

[单选题] In speaking activities, a speaker often tries to avoid using a difficult word or structure and chooses to use a simpler one. What learning strategy does the speaker use?

Avoidance.

解析：考查口语交际策略。在口语活动中，说话者经常避免使用艰涩的词汇或结构，而使用比较简单的词汇或结构，这种交际策略叫作迂回策略( Avoidance)。故选D。