正确答案: A

以人为本

题目：现代学生观坚持( )。

解析：新课改提出的理念即以人为本，以学生为中心。故选择A项。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]20世纪60年代以来，世界上最有影响的教育思潮是( )。

终身教育

解析：终身教育是适应科学知识的加速增长和人的持续发展的要求而逐渐形成的一种教育思想和教育制度，作为当代一种国际性教育思潮，由联合国教科文组织直接倡导和推动，并得到了各国政府的积极响应和合作，在教育理论和实践领域中引起了一场广泛而深刻的革命，必将会改变世界教育的面貌。

[单选题]直接决定教育性质的是( )。

社会的政治经济制度

解析：政治经济制度对教育的决定作用主要表现在三个方面，包括政治经济制度决定教育的领导权、决定着受教育者的权利、决定着教育目的和性质和思想品德教育内容。故选择B。

[单选题]孔子善于根据不同学生的特点来选择教学内容和使用教学方法，这是( )。

因材施教原则

解析：因材施教就是教师要从课程计划、学科课程标准的统一要求出发，面向全体学生，同时要根据学生的实际情况、个别差异，有的放矢地进行教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。根据不同学生特点选用不同教学内容和教学方法是因材施教的原则。故选择B。A选项，理论联系实际原则，是指教学必须坚持理论与实际的结合与统一，用理论分析实际，用实际验证理论，使学生从理论和实际的结合中理解和掌握知识，培养学生运用知识解决实际问题的能力。理论联系实际原则所反映和要解决的矛盾，主要是保证所学知识与其来源--社会实践不致脱节，学生掌握的知识能够运用或回到实践中去。C选项，灵活性原则是指教学设计是一种预先规划，应该留有余地。因为课堂上实际发生的事情很难在事先全部预料到，在进行教学设计时教师要充分考虑到这种偶发性，在设计中给处理偶发事件留有充分的时间和空间。D选项，循序渐进原则，也称系统性原则，是指教师严格按照科学知识的内在逻辑体系和学生认识能力发展的顺序进行教学。循序渐进的"序"，包括教材内容的逻辑顺序、学生生理节律的发展之顺序、学生认识能力发展的顺序和认识活动本身的顺序，是这四种顺序的有机结合。

[单选题] Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll. return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?

She found it natural for professionals to treat her as an inferior.

解析：1.细节题。文中第一段提到，作者知道人们会以职位来判断一个人的智力；最后一句提到“1 was disappointed to see'that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”故选C。 2.推断题，文中第二段提到，作者在做服务生时，一个打着电话的客人把他赶走，一分钟后又打手势让他过去，还说一直找不到他，即客人很不尊重服务员，故选B。 3.推断题。文中倒数第二段提到了这句话，从作者的意思来看，很多客人不尊重服务员，把他们当成了仆人来使唤，这让作者很不满意，故选项C符合题意。 4.细节题。文中第三段第二句提到“But at 19 years old，I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”即在19岁时，作者认为受到下等人的对待是应该的，即是件很自然的事，故选D。 5.推断题。根据全文的意思判断，作者对那些把服务员当成仆人的客人很不满，以后带着客户去吃饭，应该是想观察一下客户对服务员的态度，从中反映出他们是什么样的人，选项B符合题意。