正确答案: B

伽利略

题目：历史上第一位使用望远镜进行科学观察的学者是( )。

解析：1609年，意大利科学家伽利略用自制的望远镜观察天体，以确凿的证据支持了哥白尼的"日心说"。故选择B。A选项，亚里士多德，古代先哲，古希腊人，世界古代史上伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家之一，堪称希腊哲学的集大成者。他是柏拉图的学生，亚历山大的老师。C选项，开普勒，杰出的德国天文学家、物理学家、数学家。开普勒发现了行星运动的三大定律，分别是轨道定律、面积定律和周期定律。D选项，布鲁诺是意大利天文学家，因为支持哥白尼的日心说，而遭到教会迫害，为捍卫真理，被烧死在火刑柱上。

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]路老师在进行生物课教学的过程中，经常是先给大家讲解知识，然后带大家到植物园里去观察，有时候大家一起进行一些扦插的操作，这样既有课堂知识的学习，又有实际的感性认识。这体现了路老师遵循了教育过程的( )。

直接经验与间接经验相统一的规律

解析：直接经验与间接经验相结合，反映的是教学中传授系统的科学文化知识与丰富学生感性认识的关系。路老师的做法是直接与间接经验的结合。

[单选题]为了解决名词术语脱离事物，抽象概念脱离具体形象，教师应在教学过程中注意( )原则。

直观性

解析：直观性原则指在教学过程中，教师要利用直观手段，通过引导学生开展多种形式的感知，丰富学生的感性认识，发展学生的观察力和形象思维，并为形成正确而深刻的理性认识奠定基础。直观教学可以分为三大种类：实物直观、模象直观和言语直观。地理教学中运用地球仪做教具体现的是教学原则的直观性原则。故选择B。A项，理论联系实际原则，是指教学必须坚持理论与实际的结合与统一，用理论分析实际，用实际验证理论，使学生从理论和实际的结合中理解和掌握知识，培养学生运用知识解决实际问题的能力。理论联系实际原则所反映和要解决的矛盾，主要是保证所学知识与其来源--社会实践不致脱节，学生掌握的知识能够运用或回到实践中去。C项，巩固性原则是指教学要引导学生在理解的基础上牢固地掌握知识和技能，长久地保持在记忆中，能根据需要迅速再现出来，以利知识技能的运用。常考古文："温故而知新"、"学而时习之"等。D项，启发性原则是指在教学中教师要承认学生是学习的主体，注意调动他们的学习主动性，引导他们独立思考，积极探索.生动活泼地学习，自觉地掌握科学知识和提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。最早提出启发性原则的是孔子："不愤不启，不悱不发"：西方最早提出启发性原则的是苏格拉底："产婆术"。

[单选题]弗洛伊德的心理性欲发展阶段中，3-5岁儿童处于( )阶段。

性器期

解析：性器期大约从3岁到5岁。故选C。A选项，口腔期从出生到12-18个月左右。B选项，肛门期大约从12～18个月到3岁左右。D选项，潜伏期大约从5岁到12岁。

[单选题] On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children's leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%. "Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents," says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children's timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home.(Nevertheless, children in both double-income and "male breadwinner" households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents,19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids."Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself," says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it. The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing "free time" watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they're spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren't replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let's face it, who's got the time?

According to Sandra Hofferth, the main reason leading to "the same time crunch" of children is that ________.

more mothers are working outside the home

解析：1.推断题。文中第三段提到“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself”即玩耍是儿童探索世界和了解自己最有效的方式，D选项符合题意，故选D。 2.细节题。文中第一段提到，现在的孩子每周待在学校的时间比1981年多8个小时，而且参加更多如足球、芭蕾舞等活动，尤其在体育运动上花费的时间也增多了；分别对应选项中的A、B、D。最后一句提到“children's leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to25%”，即孩子放松、玩耍的时间变少了。所以C选项不是现在孩子面临的情况，故选C。 3.细节题。文中第二段第二句提到“A chief reason，she says，is that more mothers are working outside the home.”主要原因是更多的妈妈们在外面工作，故选A。 4.细节题。文中第三段最后一句话提到“Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it．”即无组织的玩耍可以鼓励孩子的独立思考，但是3到12岁的孩子每周只有12个小时的时间做这些。所以D选项做更多有组织的活动，是现在孩子的一个很麻烦的问题。 5.细节题。文中最后一段提到，即使他们在电视上花费的时间更少的话，“Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books，the children spent just over an hour a week reading.”即每个孩子每周在阅读上花费的时间也只是一个多小时，故选项D正确。