正确答案: D

questionable

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Come on-Everybody's doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the CluB.Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 　　Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina.a state-sponsored antismoking program called rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South AfricA.an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 　　The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology."Dare to be different,please don't smoke! " pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure. 　　But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. 　　There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. 　　Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world.as in school,we insist on choosing our own friends.

解析：态度题。文章最后一段第一句话指出，专家和政府官员能在多大程度上选择我们的同侪群体并能引导其行为走上正确的道德方向是难以确定的（far less certain），接下来以教师让捣蛋鬼们换座和好学生坐在一起为例子说明“这个策略从来没有真正起作用”。从这里我们可以看出，作者对于同侪压力是否能产生效果其实是持怀疑态度的，故本题选D项“可疑的”。A项“有害的”，B项“有利的”，C项“深刻的”均不正确。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"上本之于古者圣王之事""下原察（察度）百姓耳目之实""中国家百姓人民之利"，此谓"三表法"。它的提出者是( )。

墨子

解析：选自《墨子·非命上》。墨子的"三表法"是判断言谈是非的三条标准。

[单选题] Back in the old days, when I was a child, we sat around the family round table at dinner time and exchanged our daily experiences.It wasn′t very organized, but everyone was recognized and all the news that had to be told was told by each family member. We listened to each other and the interest was not put-on; it was real.Our family was a unit and we supported each other, and nurtured each other, and liked each other, and-we were even willing to admit-we loved each other. Today, the family round table has moved to the local fast-food restaurant and talk is not easy, much less encouraged. Grandma, who used to live upstairs, is now the voice on long distance, and the working parent is far too beaten down each day to spend evening relaxation time listening to the sandbox experience of an eager four-year-old. So family conversation is as extinct as my old toys and parental questions such as "What have you been doing, Bobby? " have been replaced by "I′m busy, go watch television." And watch TV they do; count them by the millions. But it′s usually not children′s television that children watch.Saturday morning, the children′s hour, amounts to only about 8 percent of their weekly viewing. Where are they to be found?Watching adult television, of course, from the Match Game in the morning, to the afternoon at General Hospital, from the muggings and battles on the evening news right through the family hour and past into Starsky and Hutch.That′s where you find our kids, over five million of them, at 10 p.m., not fewer than a million until after midnight! All of this is done with parental permission. Television, used well, can provide enriching experiences for our young people, but we must use it with some sense.When the carpet is clean, we turn off the vacuum cleaner.When the dishes are clean, the dishwasher turns itself off. Not so the television, which is on from the sun in the moming to the moon at night and beyond! Parents must exercise some control and show some concem about the cultural influence on the child when a program not intended for that child is viewed.Parents need to intervene. Nonintervention may be a wise policy in international affairs, but the results of parental nonintervention will not be wise at all.

From the first two paragraphs one may infer that the writer′s attitude towards"the old days" is ________.

preferring

解析：1.由本文前两段的内容和一些词和短语如exchanged our daily expenences，a unit，supported，nurtured，liked，loved可知，在那些过往的日子里，作者一家人其乐融融，所以A项可以表达出这层意思，为正确答案。 2.根据第四段"the working parent is far too beaten down each day to spend evening relaxation time listening to the sandbox experience of an eager four-year-old"可知父母每天工作非常辛苦和疲惫，所以和孩子的交流沟通少了。所以正确答案为B。 3.从第五段到第八段可知，父母没有花费时间和精力陪孩子，让孩子看成人电视节目。从第八段最后一句"All of this is done with parental permission"可知，应该由他们的父母承担起这个责任。 4.由第九段可知我们的年轻人在看电视时要有自我的判断力，只有这样电视节目才能带给我们更多有益的信息。所以B项正确。 5.由最后一段的第二句"Parents must exercise some control and show some concern about the cultural influence on the child when a program not intended for that child is viewed."可知，C项正确。

[单选题]一位新教师把大量时间花在维护自己与同事领导之间关系上，说明其处于成长阶段的( )。

关注生存阶段

解析：关注生存阶段，处于这一阶段的一般是新教师，他们非常关注自己的生存适应性，最担心的问题是，"学生喜欢我吗？""同事们如何看我？""领导是否觉得我干得不错？"等等。因而有些新教师可能会把大量的时间都花在如何与学生搞好个人关系上。故选择B。A项，当教师感到自己完全能够适应时，便把关注的焦点投向了提高学生的成绩即进入了关注情境阶段。在此阶段教师关心的是如何教好每一堂课的内容，一般总是关心诸如班级的大小、时间的压力和备课材料是否充分等与教学情境有关的问题。传统教学评价也集中关注这一阶段，一般来说，老教师比新教师更关注此阶段。C项，关注学生阶段，指当教师顺利地适应了前两个阶段后，成长的下一个目标便是关注学生。教师将考虑学生的个别差异，认识到不同发展水平的学生有不同的需要，某些教学材料和方式不一定适合所有学生。能否自觉关注学生是衡量一个教师是否成长成熟的重要标志之一。

[单选题]对人的身心发展来说，学校教育是( )环境。

特殊的

解析：学校教育是一种包含着特殊个体、特殊环境和特殊社会活动的综合性的影响因素，其在个体身心发展中的作用，是任何单一影响因素都不具备的。故选择D。

[单选题]国务院和各地级人民政府领导和管理教育的原则是( )。

分级管理，分工负责

解析：《中华人民共和国教育法》第十四条规定：国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。故选择A。

[单选题]人们在认知活动中所偏爱的信息加工方式叫做( )。

认知风格

解析：认知风格指个体在信息加工过程中表现在认知组织和认知功能方面持久一贯的特有风格。它既包括个体知觉、记忆、思维等认知过程方面的差异，又包括个体态度、动机等人格形成和认知能力与认知功能方面的差异。故选择B。A选项，思维方式是看待事物的角度、方式和方法，它对人们的言行起决定性作用。思维方式表面上具非物质性和物质性。C选项，思维风格是指人们进行思考的偏好方式。思维风格不是一种能力，而是运用一种或几种能力进行思考的方式。D选项，性格特征是指表现在人对现实的态度和相应的行为方式中的比较稳定的、具有核心意义的个性心理特征，它是一种与社会相关最密切的人格特征，在性格中包含有许多社会道德含义。

[单选题]下列关于学校开除初中学生，说法正确的是( )。

学校不得以任何理由开除学生

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第二十七条规定：对违反学校管理制度的学生，学校应当予以批评教育，不得开除。故选择C。

[单选题]加涅依据学习过程的信息加工模型提出学习的( )。

八阶段观点

解析：加涅认为，学习是一个有始有终的过程，由一系列的事件构成，在各个信息加工阶段发生的事件称为学习事件，每一个学习动作都可以分成八个阶段。