正确答案: A

the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch's daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions" .Integrity had collapsed.she argued.because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.But "it's us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit" . 　　Driving her point home,she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. 　　As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of The News of the World.Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge-the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by (Jlenn Mulcaire,the man hired by The News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds. 　　In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. 　　In today's world.it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and.in newspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability. 　　The purpose of editing The News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instruction-nor received traceable,recorded answers.

解析：细节题。在文章第一段Elisabeth谈到了“我们很多机构都面临着令人沮丧的减信丧失”。接下来第二句指出这是因为大家普遍认为社会中唯一的分类机制应该是利益和市场。而根据第一段最后一句可知，她认为“是我们人类、是我们这样的人创造了我们想要的社会，而不应该是利益”。可见，Elisabeth很不认可目前的这种分类机制以及其所造成的不良后果，这也正是她感到沮丧的原因。故本题选A。B项“公司由于道德操守产生了财政损失”，C项“政府在道德问题上的无能为力”，D项“各大机构广泛存在的诚信误用”均不符合题意。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]每次老师提问，小虎总爱抢着回答，但基本上都答错，从此老师应该( )。

引导小虎仔细思考

解析：以人为本的学生观强调，学生是独特的人，学生是发展的人。因此，教师在评价学生的时候，首先要以发展的眼光来看待学生，引导学生改正错误，鼓励为主，其次要根据学生之间的个体差异，给予不同学生不同的鼓励，让爱抢答的小虎多思考，故选择A。

[单选题]以下不属于学校德育内容的是( )。

劳动教育

解析：学校德育的主要内容有思想教育、政治教育、法纪教育、道德教育和心理健康教育。故选择D。

[单选题] One of the most contentious issues in the vast literature about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don't drink tend to die sooner than those who do. The standard Alcoholics Anonymous (匿名戒酒互助会) explanation for this finding is that many of those who show up as abstainers (戒酒者) in such research are actually former hard-core drunks who had already incurred health problems associated with drinking. But a new paper in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research suggests that-for reasons that aren't entirely clear-abstaining from alcohol does tend to increase one's risk of dying, even when you exclude former problem drinkers. The most shocking part is abstainers' mortality rates are higher than those of heavy drinkers. Moderate drinking, which is defined as one to three drinks per day, is associated with the lowest mortality rates in alcohol studies. Moderate alcohol use (especially when the beverage of choice is red wine) is thought to improve heart health. But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life? It's true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes, since drinking can be expensive. And people of lower socioecononuc status have more life stressors-job and child-care worries that might not only keep them from the bottle but also cause stress-related illness over long periods.(They also don't get the stress-reducing benefits of a drink or two after work.) But even after controlling for nearly all imaginable variables-socioeconomic status, level of physical activity, number of close friends, quality of social support and so on-the researchers .(a six-member team led by psychologist Charles Holahan of the University of Texas at Austin) found that over a 20-year period, mortality rates were highest for those who were not current drinkers, regardless of whether they used to be alcoholics, second highest for heavy drinkers and lowest for moderate drinkers.

What kind of people can be considered as a moderate drinker?

People who drink less than three drinks per day.

解析：1.细节题。短文第一段第二句指出“…many of those who show up as abstainers in such research are actually former hard-core drunks who had already incurred health problems associated with drinking.”即匿名戒酒互助会对之前发现的解释是，参与这种调查的非饮酒者往往之前是严重酗酒者，并出现了健康问题。由此可知对上文发现持否定态度。故选A。 2.细节题。短文第二段最后一句指出“…abstainers' mortality rates are higher than those of heavy drinkers”即戒酒者的死亡率高于酗酒者。故答案D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“Moderate drinking，which is defined as one to three drinks per day.”可判断出答案为A。 4.细节题。根据短文第四段表述可知：喝酒花费很高，不喝酒的人来自较低的社会经济阶层，背负着沉重的社会压力，而多种压力会危害身体健康。因此选B。 5.细节题。短文最后一句指出研究发现“…over a 20-year period，mortality rates were highest for those who were not current drinkers, regardless of whether they used to be alcoholics, second highest for heavy drinkers and lo west for moderate drinkers”即在20年的时间中，死亡率最高的是在这20年中不喝酒的人(不管他们之前是否喝酒)，第二高的是酗酒者，最低的是那些适度饮酒者。由此可知，答案为B。

[多选题]根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，下列属于缺失性需要的是( )。

自尊的需要

归属和爱的需要

解析：马斯洛需要层次理论：从低级到高级分别为生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重需要、认知需要、审美需要、自我实现的需要。前四者被归为低级需要即缺失需要：后三者被归为高级需要即生长需要。

[多选题]班主任因担心安全问题而取消应该组织的班级活动是一种不负责任的表现。( )

解析：《小学班主任工作暂行规定》规定了班主任职责，其中指明，班主任应当关心学生身体健康，关心学生课余生活，指导学生参加劳动实践。班主任在活动计划、制定、实施阶段，应对任何可能发生的突发事件或情况做好准备。题干中班主任的行为是负责任的表现。

[单选题]妈妈可以一边熟练地打毛衣一边看电视，这体现了注意的( )。

分配性

解析：注意的分配性是指在同一时间内，把注意指向不同的对象，同时从事着几种不同的活动。A选项，注意的恒常性是指注意稳定地集中在一定对象上的持续时间。B选项，注意的选择性是指心理活动对客观事物的选择。D选项，注意的转移性是个体根据新的任务，主动把注意由一个对象转移到另一个对象上。

[单选题]预防未成年人犯罪，应当立足于( )。

教育和保护

解析：《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》第二条规定：预防未成年人犯罪，应当立足于教育和保护，从小抓起，对未成年人的不良行为应当及时预防和矫治。故选择A。