正确答案: A

主物起源说

题目：在教育起源问题上，认为教育的产生完全来自动物本能的观点是( )。

解析：生物起源论者认为，人类的教育活动起源于动物界中各类动物的生存本能活动，其主要代表人物有利托尔诺、沛西能。故选择A。B项，神话起源论者认为，教育是由神（上帝或天）所创造的，教育体现神或上天的意志，使人皈依于神或顺从于天。并且所有的宗教都持这种观点。C项，心理起源论者认为，教育起源于儿童对成年人的一种"无意识模仿"，其主要代表人物有孟禄。D项，劳动起源论者认为，教育起源于劳动过程中社会生产需要和人的发展需要的辨证统一，其主要代表人物有米丁斯基、凯洛夫。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]关于班主任的配备与选聘，下列说法不正确的是( )。

专职班主任制度

解析：《中小学班主任工作规定》第五条：班主任由学校从班级任课教师中选聘。聘期由学校确定，担任一个班级的班主任时间一般应连续1学年以上。B选项，专职班主任制度说法错误，故选择B。

[单选题]下列选项中，属于原子能的和平开发利用的是( )。

秦山核电站和大亚湾核电站相继建成投产

解析：其余选项都是用于战争的武器。故选择D。A选项，1964年中国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功。B选项，1967年中国第一颗氢弹爆炸成功。C选项，1966年中国导弹核武器试验成功。

[单选题]我国当前的教育目的："培养( )等全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"

德智体美

解析：我国当前的教育目的是由《中华人民共和国教育法》所规定的，所以需要依据法律规定原文来做本题。2009年8月27日第一次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定：教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。"2015年12月27日第二次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"两版不同之处有二：1.旧版规定教育"必须与生产劳动相结合"，新版规定教育"必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合"：2.旧版规定教育"培养德、智、体等方面全面发展"，新版规定教育"培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展"。故应该按照新版选择，选B。我国当前的教育目的是由《中华人民共和国教育法》所规定的，所以需要依据法律规定原文来做本题。2009年8月27日第一次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。"2015年12月27日第二次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"两版不同之处有二：1.旧版规定教育"必须与生产劳动相结合"，新版规定教育"必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合"：2.旧版规定教育"培养德、智、体等方面全面发展"，新版规定教育"培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展"。故应该按照新版选择，选B。此外，虽然这个题选择"德智体美"，但是如果只是问我国全面教育的构成包括什么，那么还是"德智体美劳"要选全。

[单选题]下列选项中不属于想象基本形式的是( )。

创造

解析：想象主要借助黏合、夸张、拟人化和典型化等方式来实现新形象的创造过程。

[多选题]德育是培养良好的思维习惯：智育是培养细节的行为习惯。( )

解析：智育培养良好的思维习惯：德育是培养细节的行为习随。

[单选题]In a Direct Method classroom,grammar is learned inductively through__________activities.

listening and speaking

解析：本题考查直接教学法。直接法要求学生通过听和说的练习，用归纳法学习语法规则。故本题选A。

[单选题]21.请阅读Passage 1,完成第1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity:internal and instrumental.If ascientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world,that'san internal motive,since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research.If sheconducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown,that's an instrumental motive,since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent.Often,people have both for doingthings. 　　What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? Youmight suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieverenown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires.Surely twomotives are better than one.But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,instrumental motives are not always an asset andcan actually be counterproductive to success. 　　We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadetsin nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point,all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influencedtheir decision to attend the academy.The motives included things like a desire to get a good job laterin life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army. 　　How did the cadets fare,years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives forattending West Point? 　　We found,unsurprisingly,that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point,themore likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers.Also unsurprisingly,cadetswith internal motives did better in the military (as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after theirfive years ofmandatory service. 　　Remarkably,cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending WestPoint performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weakinstrumental ones.They were less likely to graduate,less outstanding as military officers and lesscommitted to staying in the military. 　　Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives.Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of theirwork,rather than on,say,the financial returns it will bring,may be the best way to improve not onlythe quality oftheir work but also their financial success. 　　There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools areavailable to recruit participants or improve performance.If the desire for military excellence andservice to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs,then perhaps appeals to “moneyfor college,”“career training”or“seeing the world”will do the job.While this strategy may luremore recruits,it may also yield worse soldiers.Similarly,for students uninterested in learning,financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them toparticipate,but it may result in less well-educated students.

According to the passage,which of the following is conducive to career success?

Strong internal and weak instrumental motives.

解析：细节题。根据第六段中的“...cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motivesfor attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong intenal motives but weakinstrumental ones.”可知，拥有较高内部动机和较低功利性动机更有助于事业的成功。故本题选B。