正确答案: A

Most students would achieve a certain level ofacademic success.

题目：21.请阅读Passage 1，完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　In recent years,however,society has come to understand the limitations of schools that merelysort and rank students.We have discovered that students in the bottom one-third to one-half of therank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked-fail to develop the foundational reading,writing,and mathematical proficiencies needed to survive in,let alone contribute to,an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture.So today,in asking schools to leave no childbehind,society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of the rank-order distribution to aspecified level of competence.We call those expectations our“academic achievement standards”.Every state has them,and,as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable formaking sure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear,the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.Forthe foreseeable future,students will still be ranked at the end of high school.However,society nowdictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimumlevel of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in mission for the role of assessment are profound.Assessmentand grading procedures designed to permit only a few students to succeed (those at the top of therank-order distribution) must now be revised to permit the possibility that all students could succeedat some appropriate level.Furthermore,procedures that pennitted (perhaps even encouraged) somestudents to give up in hopelessness and to stop trying must now be replaced by others that promotehope and continuous effort.In short,the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect ofbeing evaluated must change,especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merely to beat other students in the achievement race,At least part of their goal must be to become competent.teachers must believe that all studentscan achieve a certain level of academic success,must bring all of their students to believe thISOf themselves,must “accommodate” the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiated instruction,and must guide all students toward the attainment of standards. 　　The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success.Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperationand collaboration must come into play.The driving forces must be confidence,optimism,andpersistence-for all,not just for some.All students must come to believe that they can succeedat learning if they try.They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success,however small.This new understanding has spawned increased interestin formative assessment in recent years.

解析：细节题。根据第四段中的“The students' mission is no longer merely to beat otherstudents in the achievement race...all students can achieve a certain level ofacademic success”可知A项正确，C项错误。B项文章没有提及。根据第二段中的“To be clear,the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from theschooling process.”可知，D项错误。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列属于精细加工策略的是( )。

位置记忆

解析：精细加工策略包括记忆术（如位置记忆法、缩减与编歌诀、谐音联想法、关键词法、视觉联想）、做笔记、提问、生成性学习、利用背景知识、联系实际等。

[多选题]综合课程包括( )。

广域课

核心课程

解析：根据综合课程的综合程度及其发展轨迹，可将其分为以下几种：一是相关课程，就是在保留原来学科独立性的基础上，寻找两个或多个学科之间的共同点，使这些学科的教学顺序能够相互照应、相互联系、穿插进行。二是融合课程，也称合科课程，就是把部分科目统合兼并于范围较广的新科目，选择对于学生有意义的论题或概括的问题进行学习。三是广域课程，就是合并数门相邻学科的教学内容而形成的综合性课程。四是核心课程，这种课程是围绕一些重大的社会问题组织教学内容，社会问题就像包裹在教学内容里的果核一样，又被称为问题中心课程。

[单选题]班主任着眼于学生最近发展区，选择一些经过努力能够达成的目标，学生在实现目标过程中体验成功的快乐，这体现了班级日常管理的( )。

激励性原则

解析：方向性原则，即班级目标管理应体现国家的教育目的，体现一定社会及学校对学生要求的基本方向和质量规格。激励性原则，即班主任针对本班的现状，着眼于学生的最近发展区，选择一些经过努力能够达成的目标，引导学生爬"坡"，使全体学生在实现目标的过程中，都能分享到成功的快乐。可测性原则，即班级目标必须是可量化、可操作、可评估的。

[多选题]自我实现的需要作为一种最高级的需要，包括( )需要。

创造

认知

审美

解析：早期五层次需要层次理论中，自我实现需要作为一种最高级的需要，包括认知、审美和创造的需要。

[单选题]美国学者波斯纳提出的教师成长公式是( )。

教师成长=经验+反思

解析：美国学者波斯纳提出的教师成长公式是：教师成长=经验+反思。

[单选题]我国《义务教育法》中明确规定：教师不得对学生进行体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。下列属于体罚学生的情形是( )。

九年级学生李某等上自习课时违反纪律，老师要李某到学校操场跑10圈

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第二十九条第二款规定，教师应当尊重学生的人格，不得歧视学生，不得对学生实施体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为，不得侵犯学生合法权益。老师的行为是否属于体罚或者变相体罚，要根据老师对待学生的目的而定。以抄生字为例，如果是学生学习不用功，课文生疏，老师通过要求学生抄课文达到熟悉课文的目的，并且抄写的遍数适当，那么属于教学方式的问题，不属于体罚或者变相体罚。如果是学生存在学习以外的过错，而老师通过罚学生抄课文进行惩戒，那么从这种目的出发就属于变相体罚。故选择B。

[单选题]杜威的教育理论代表作是( )。

《民主主义与教育》

解析：杜威是现代教育理论派的代表，提出了"儿童中心、活动中心、经验中心"的新"三中心论"，其代表作是《民主主义与教育》。《教育与新人》的作者是美国教育家巴格莱，《普通教育学》是赫尔巴特的代表作，《实验教育学》的作者是拉伊。