正确答案:

题目：在听力训练时需要注意的事项有哪些？

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]在问题教学的解决问题阶段，教师应该帮助学生激起以下一系列的心理活动( )。

激发学生的兴趣，能回忆起有关的知识和规则，激活并运用以前学会的认知策略、把回忆起来的规则靠认知策略重新组织

解析：在问题的解决阶段，教师应该注意激发学生的学习兴趣，让学生回忆起有关的知识和规则，激活并运用以前学会的认知策略，把回忆起来的规则靠认知策略重新组织等。故选择A。

[单选题]以下《中华人民共和国义务教育法》中对特殊教育的描述错误的是( )。

特殊教育学校的根本目的是帮助残疾适龄儿童、少年提供特殊场所，助其康复

解析：特殊教育的目标在帮助特殊教儿童逐步适应最少限制的环境，使他们可以尽最大的可能，与正常儿童一同参与普通学校的学习活动，以达成能适应正常生活的目标。故选择A。

[单选题]在知识的学习过程中，掌握同类事物的关键特征和本质特征属于( )。

概念学习

解析：概念学习就是要理解某类事物区别于其他事物的共同关键特征。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

The problem of global warming ________.

was theoretical 10 years ago but is not now

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题]德拉克罗瓦的代表作品《自由引导人民》，创作这幅画的历史背景是( )。

法国大革命

解析：《自由引导人民》是一幅由法国画家欧仁·德拉克罗瓦为纪念1830年法国七月革命而创作的油画作品。1830年7月巴黎人民发动七月革命，建立了以路易·菲利浦为首的七月王朝，至此法国大革命才彻底结束。故选择D。

[单选题]Passage 2 Taylor Swift, the seven-time Grammy winner, is known for her articulate lyrics, so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry. Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. "This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless:' Swift wrote. "In this moment in music, stepping out of your comfort zone is rewarded, and sonic evolution is not only accepted...it is celebrated. The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S. music report, which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales. This could be the 2013 story all over again, in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads, whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year, except that even including streams, album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014. Streaming has grown even more than it did last year, 42 percent compared to 32 percent, but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music.Consider this.in 2014 to date, Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million. In the comparable period of 2013, the total came to 731.7 million.Swift, one of the few artists able to pull off stadium tours, believes it's all about quality. "People are still buying albums, but now they're buying just a few of them:' she wrote. "They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." In 2000, album sales peaked at 785 million. Last year, they were down t0 415.3 million. Swift is right, but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows, it's too late. Sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year, according to Nielsen, and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto. The top 10 also includes records by the aging or dead, such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers. More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations, either. the Black Keys, Beck and the Arctic Monkeys. None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts, including or excluding streams. The top-selling album so far this year, by a huge margin, is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit, Frozen. When, like me, you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released In Utero), it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days:' a term even the 23-year old Swift uses. My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list. But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do, they no longer find much worth hearing.The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that. In the old days, musicians showed their work to industry executives, the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition, too, is eroding). The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds. Sometimes they followed the public taste, and sometimes they strove to shape it, taking big financial and career risks in the process. These days, according to Swift, it's all about the social networks. "A friend of mine, who is an actress, told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses, the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers:' Swift wrote. "In the future, artists will get record deals because they have fans - not the other way around." The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon). They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity. That's why YouTube made Psy a star, but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatlemania. Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers, but he's no Jack White. In the music industry's heyday, it produced a lot of schlock. But it got great music out to the masses, too. These days, it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making music, it may mean not getting heard. For fans it means less good music to stream and download. Well, there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgia, I guess.

What does the underlined word"that"in PARAGRAPH EIGHT refer to?

Kid' s music taste

解析：根据第七段第一句”When, like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993(the year Nirvana released in Utero), it's easy to criticize the music taste of'the kidsthese days.‘a term eventhe 23-year old Swift uses.”可知现在的音乐市场不景气.很容易被人认为是由于现在的孩子对音乐的喜好与作者那时代的人不一样。所以第八段中”he way the music industry works now may have some thing to do with that:中的that指代的就是孩子的音乐喜好kids music taste)，故选择A。

[单选题]创立元素周期表的科学家是( )。

门捷列夫

解析：俄国化学家门捷列夫发现了元素周期表，为化学的发展做出了巨大贡献，著有著作《化学原理》。故选择A。B选项，波义耳，英国化学家，提出著名的波义耳定律（在定量定温下，理想气体的体积与气体的压力成反比--气球中的气体，被气球挤压，体积更小，气压更高，容易泄露），马克思赞誉他说"波义耳把化学确立为科学"。C选项，波尔是丹麦物理学家，被称为"量子力学之父"，创立哥本哈根学派。D选项，居里夫人发现了钋和镭，两次获得诺贝尔化学奖。