正确答案: A

永恒性

题目：教育是新生一代成长与社会生活延续和发展不可缺少的手段，为一切人和一切社会所必需，并与人类社会共始终。这表明教育具有( )。

解析：教育的社会属性包括永恒性、历史性、相对独立性、生产性、民族性。永恒性指教育是人类特有的社会现象，只要人类社会存在，教育就存在。题干表明教育具有永恒性。历史性指在不同的社会或同一社会的不同历史阶段，教育的性质、目的、内容等各不相同，每个时期的教育具有自己的特点。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]甲.乙、丙分别是北京、上海。重庆人，分别学习金融、法律、外语。已知：①乙是重庆人，②学外语的是北京人，③学金融的不是上海人，④甲不学金融，丙不学外语。下列推断完全正确的是( )。

甲是北京人、学外语

解析：根据①和②可知乙不学外语，根据④可知，甲学外语，又根据②可知，甲是北京人，故选择B项。

[单选题]教师组织学生到工厂或农村进行实地参观访问属于( )。

实物直观

解析：教学方法中的参观法属于实物直观。

[单选题]We're all keeping our crossed that the surgeons do not find anything too seriouswith the patient.

fingers

解析：本题考查固定搭配。keep one's fingers crossed的字面意思是将手指交叉起来，这个短语的比喻意义是“祈求好运，希望一切如愿，但愿别出差错”。句意为“我们祈祷外科医生不会发现病人有太严重的疾病”。

[单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students,but for centuries he was also celebrated as thefather of vegetarianism.A meatless diet was referred to as a“Pythagorean diet”for years,up untilthe modern vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet,humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history.Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten apredominantly plant-based diet;after all,plants can't run away.Additionally,our digestive systemsresemble those of herbivores closer than camivorous animals.Prehistoric man ate meat,of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons,mainly dueto religious and ethical objections.Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls.Animals wereno exception,so meat and fish were banished from his table.Strangely enough,he also banished avegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today,the“humble”bean.His followerswere forbidden to eat or even touch beans,because he thought beans and humans were created fromthe same material.Fava beans were especially bad,as they have hollow steams that could allow thesouls ofthe dead to travel up from the soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras' death,his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles infiuenced generations of academics and religiousthinkers,and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Societyin English in the mid-1800s.The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals,while lust,drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too richin meat products.Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy,George Bernard Shaw,MahatmaGandhi and American Bronson Alcott,a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father oflittleWomen author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student named FrancisMoore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet.In it,she advocated a meatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environmentthan meat does.Today,many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues,or concernsover animal treatment,a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work Animal Liberation.

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

Francis Moore lappe is a contemporary vegetarian.

解析：细节题。根据第一段可知，Pythagoras对数学和素食主义有贡献，故A项说法不正确。根据第三段可知Pythagoras不吃豆子是因为他觉得豆子和人类的构成物质是一样的，故B项说法错误。由最后一段可知，素食主义在美国兴起是在1960s，加速是在1970s，那时一个叫Francis Moore lappe的人写了Diet for a Small Planet-书，并提倡素食主义，指出不吃肉的原因是为了保护环境，根据时间可知FrancisMoore lappe是当代素食主义者，故C项说法正确。文中并未提及Bronson Alcott的女儿，故D项说法错误。

[单选题]随着世界经济与社会的发展，学校教育内容和规模不断增扩，为提高教学效率，培养更多的实用人才，班级授课制出现并被推广应用。中国正式采用班级授课制是在( )。

清朝末年

解析：中国正式采用班级授课制始于1862年清政府开办的京师同文馆，时为清朝末年。

[单选题]"字字写来都是血，十年辛苦不寻常"是对( )的评价。

《红楼梦》

解析：题干是曹雪芹自己对红楼梦的评说：浮生着甚苦奔忙，盛席华筵终散场。悲喜干般同幻渺，古今一梦尽荒唐。漫言红袖啼痕重，更有情痴抱恨长。字字写来皆是血，十年辛苦不寻常。故选择C。A选项，《水浒传》作者施耐庵（元末明初）；B选项，《窦娥冤》作者关汉卿（元）；D选项，《西游记》作者吴承恩（明）。

[单选题]陈涛成绩不太好，但上课时总是爱举手回答问题。有时老师问题还没说完，他便把手高高举了起来，让他回答时他又不会，不时被其他同学讥笑。老师课下向陈涛问明原因后给予鼓励。老师的做法

正确，不放弃每一个学生

解析：素质教育倡导人人有受教育的权利，强调在教育中使每个人都得到发展，而不是只注重一部分人，更不是只注重少数人的发展。我们强调的是“一种适合儿童的教育，而不是挑选适合教育的儿童。”因此，素质教育是面向全体学生的教育。题干中，老师根据陈涛课上的表现，课下问清原因并予以鼓励，没有放弃每一位学生，体现了素质教育是面向全体学生的教育。所以此题选B。

[单选题]把习得的动作固定下来，并使各动作成分相互结合成定型的、一体化的动作，称为( )。

操作的整合

解析：操作整合是把构成整体的各动作要素，依据其内在联系联结成整体，形成操作活动的序列，获得有关操作活动的完整的动觉映像的过程。

[单选题]为了大面积提高教学质量，苏联教育家巴班斯基将系统论的方法引入教学改革，提出的教育理论是( )。

教学过程最优化理论

解析：苏联教育家巴班斯基在著作《教学过程最优化》中提出了教学过程最优化理论。巴班斯基认为，应该把教学看作一个系统，从系统的整体与部分之间、部分与部分之间和系统与环境之间的相互联系、相互作用之中考察教学，以便对教育问题进行最优化处理。巴班斯基将现代系统论的方法引入教学改革，是对教学论进一步科学化的新探索。最近发展区理论的提出者是维果斯基；建构主义教学理论的代表人物有皮亚杰、奥苏伯尔等；范例教学理论是由瓦根舍因提出的。