正确答案: A

门捷列夫

题目：创立元素周期表的科学家是( )。

解析：俄国化学家门捷列夫发现了元素周期表，为化学的发展做出了巨大贡献，著有著作《化学原理》。故选择A。B选项，波义耳，英国化学家，提出著名的波义耳定律（在定量定温下，理想气体的体积与气体的压力成反比--气球中的气体，被气球挤压，体积更小，气压更高，容易泄露），马克思赞誉他说"波义耳把化学确立为科学"。C选项，波尔是丹麦物理学家，被称为"量子力学之父"，创立哥本哈根学派。D选项，居里夫人发现了钋和镭，两次获得诺贝尔化学奖。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]学校产生于( )。

奴隶社会时期

解析：学校产生于奴隶社会，我国夏代就有了学校教育的形态。

[单选题]"一个小丑进城，胜过一打医生"，这说明情绪具有( )。

健康功能

解析："一个小丑进城，胜过一打医生"是英国的一句谚语，意思是强调积极乐观的情绪对人的健康具有促进作用。

[单选题]人在心理活动和行为中表现出的稳定的动力特点是( )。

气质

解析：气质是心理活动表现在强度、速度、稳定性和灵活性等方面的心理特征。它是人心理活动的动力特征的表现，它依赖于人的生理素质或身体特点。通常称之为秉性、脾气、性情，心理学叫气质。题干强调稳定的动力特点，故选择D。A选项，人格是构成一个人思想、情感及行为的特有模式，这个独特模式包含了一个人区别于他人的稳定而统一的心理品质，即人格是决定个体的外显行为和内隐行为，并使其与他人行为有稳定区别的综合心理特征。人格是一个复杂的系统结构，主要包括性格、气质和自我调控等方面。B选项，性格是指人的较稳定的态度与习惯化了的行为方式相结合而形成的人格特征。C选项，能力是指直接影响个体的活动效率，促使活动顺利完成的个性心理特征。

[多选题]班级管理的实质是让每个学生成为班级的主人。( )

解析：班级管理的实质是在班级管理的过程中，调动学生自我教育的力量，发挥每一个学生的主人翁精神，使人人都积极主动地参与班级事务，让每一个学生都成为班级的主人。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

Temperatures all over the world ________.

were the highest in 1990s

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's heyday,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "heyday" in the Last PAraGraPH?

Golden time.

解析：词汇题。heyday所在的句子为“In the music industry's heyday,it produced a lot of schlock.But，it got great music out to the masses，too.”可以看出，这两句用一般过去时，叙述的是音乐界过去的辉煌成就，句意为“在音乐的黄金时代，虽然作品参差不齐，但也为大众带来了很多经典音乐”。故本题选B。