正确答案: C

Language shapes our thoughts and affects our perception of the world.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004,this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide <u>accolades</u>.German newspapers described how it "fioated above the clouds" with "elegance and lightness" and "breathtaking" beauty.In France,papers praised the "immense" "concrete giant".Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not. 　　In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions,Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes,language shapes thought.The effect is powerful enough,she says,that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically" ,not only when they are thinking in order to speak,"but in all manner of cognitive tasks" ,including basic sensory perception."Even a small fluke of grammar" -the gender of nouns- "can have an effect on how people think about things in the world." she says. 　　<u>As in that bridge</u>,in German,the noun for bridge,Brucke,is feminine.In French,pont is masculine.German speakers saw prototypically female features; French speakers,masculine ones. Similarly,Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as harD.heavy,jaggeD.and metal,while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden,intricate,little,and lovely.Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions.In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory,for instance,the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine,says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male,and Russians tend to paint it as female. 　　Language even shapes what we see.People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names-not English's light blue and dark blue,for instance,but Russian's goluboy and sinly.Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that's a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one,but not proving that they actually see the hues differently.In an ingenious experiment,however,Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one.Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names,suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply.Similarly,Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly,and a different one when an object is in something loosely.Sure enough,Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit. 　　Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought.In Russian,verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not-as in "she ate ［and finished］the pizza" .In Turkish,verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored.Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed.and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay.Similarly,while English says "she broke the bowl" even if it smashed accidentally,Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself" ."When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky,"English speakers remember who was to blame even in an accident,but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions.<u>It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality."</u>

解析：主旨题。A、B两项是作者为了证明论点给出的例证。本文作者主要的观点是语言能够塑造、影响思想，D项意思是“有不同的方法证明语言是如何塑造思想的”，但不同的证明方法不是作者要表达的中心观点。故本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]整合所学新旧知识之间的内在联系形成的新的知识结构的策略是( )。

组织策略

解析：学习的组织策略是指整合所学新知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构的策略。

[单选题]影响态度与品德学习的外部条件不包括( )。

道德认知

解析：影响态度与品德学习的外部条件包括：家庭教养方式、社会风气和同伴群体。故选择B。影响态度与品德学习的内部条件包括：认知失调、态度定势、道德认知。

[单选题]课堂上小花指出刘老师对于某个问题的解释有错误。刘老师恼羞成怒的说："小花，你厉害，以后你替老师上课好了！"关于刘老师，下列说法正确的是( )。

伤害了学生的自尊，无视学生主体地位。

解析：新课程改革背景下的教学观强调，要从教育者中心转向学习者中心一一学生是学习和教学的主体。题目中，教师一味想控制课堂，而没有把学生当做教学的中心，没有耐心听取学生的意见，更没有尊重学生的人格。故选择B项。