正确答案: B

心理自我阶段

题目：在一次业务学习中，关于青春期后个体自我意识的发展进入什么阶段，教师们讨论很热烈，共提出了下列四种见解，其中正确的是( )。

解析：个体自我意识的发展经历了从生理自我到社会自我，再到心理自我的过程。生理自我是自我意识最原始的形态，在3岁左右基本成熟；儿童在3岁以后，自我意识的发展进入社会自我阶段；心理自我是在青春期开始形成和发展的，即青春期后个体自我意识进入心理自我阶段。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]化解消极情绪主要是引导学生学会调节和控制消极情绪，下列正确的有( )。①宣泄调控②转移调控⑧放松训练④向教师父母朋友等寻求支持

4个

解析：调控情绪的方法具体包括，理智调控法、注意力转移、幽默化解法、积极的自我暗示、哭泣宣泄、倾诉宣泄、书写宣泄、运动宣泄。故选择D。

[单选题]以下属于学生的基本权利的是( )。

受教育权

解析：学生享有"参加教育教学计划安排的各种活动，使用教学设施、设备、图书资料"的权利，简称"参加教育教学权"。学生基本的权利就是受教育权。故选择C。

[单选题]运用先进典型对学生进行思想品德教育，这是德育的( )。

榜样法

解析：榜样示范法是指用榜样人物的高尚思想、模范行为、优异成就来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。用来示范的榜样主要有家长和教师、先进典型、英雄人物、革命领袖、历史伟人和文艺形象等。故选择B。A项，没有引导法这种具体的德育方法，排除A。C项，谈话法是一种教学方法，它是教师按一定的教学要求向学生提出问题，要求学生回答，并通过问答的形式来引导学生获取新知识或巩固旧知识的方法。D项，讨论法是一种教学方法，学生在教师指导下为解决某个问题进行探讨、辩论，从而获取知识的一种方法。

[单选题]热爱集体与自私自利、创新与保守、自尊与自卑属于( )。

性格特征

解析：性格是一个人在对现实的稳定态度以及与之相适应的、习惯化的行为方式方面的个性心理特征。题干描述为性格的态度特征。

[多选题]构成德育活动的基本要素是( )。

教育者

受教育者

德育内容

德育方法

解析：构成德育活动的基本要素包括教育者、受教育者、德育内容、德育方法。故选择A，B，C，D。

[单选题] The Earth has been stripped of up to90% of its species five times before in the past 450 million years. Now it's about to happen again-and this time there's no rogue asteroid (小行星) to blame. One of the first great rules of terrestrial biology is that no species is forever. The Earth has gone through five major extinction events before. The result of all of the extinctions was the same: death, a lot of it. As increasingly accepted theories have argued-and as the Science papers show-we are now in the midst of the sixth great extinction, the unsettlingly-named Anthropocene(人类纪), or the age of the humans. As the authors of all this loss, we are doing our nasty work in a lot of ways. Overexploitation-which is to say killing animals for food, clothing or the sheer perverse pleasure of it-plays a big role. So we get elephants slaughtered for their tusks, thinos poached (偷猎) for their homs and tigers shot and skinned for their pelts, until oops-no more elephants, thinos or tigers. Habitat destruction is another big driver, particularly in rainforests. And you don't even have to chop or burn an ecosystem completely away to threaten its species; sometimes all it takes is cutting a few roads across it or building a few farms or homes in the wrong spots. Then too there is global warming, which makes once-hospitable habitats too hot or dry or stormy for species adapted to different conditions. Finally, as TIME's Bryan Walsh wrote in last week's cover story, there are invasive species-pests like the giant African snail, the lionfish-which hitch a ride into a new ecosystem on ships or packing material, or are brought in as pets, and then reproduce wildly, crowding out native species. It oughtn't to take appealing to our self-interest to get us to quit making such a mess of what we're increasingly coming to learn is an exceedingly destructible world. But it's that very self-interest that led us to make that mess in the first place. We can either start to change our ways, or we can keep going the way we are-at least until the Anthropocene extinction claims one final species: our own.

The sentence "this time there's no rogue asteroid (小行星) to blame" means ________.

the asteroids once served as the reason of the past extinction

解析：1.细节题。“The Earth has been stripped of up to 90% of its species five times before in the past 450 million years”意为在过去的4.5亿年中，地球曾经五次损失了90%的生物。A中错在不是现在，而是在过去的4.5亿年。B、C、D都符合文意。本题考察的是对成分复杂句子的解读。 2.词义题。文章前面一直在说之前的五次物种大灭绝，后面要引出的是这一次的物种消亡。提到了“it's about to happen again”和“this time”，可见之前的灭亡原因是小行星。故选D。A、B都是字面意思，而C意思相反。 3.细节题。全文都在讲述造成大灭绝的原因，A项出自“overexploitation-which is to say killing animals for food，clothing or the sheer perverse pleasure of it-plays a big role”，但是逻辑有误，以动物为食只是其中一个原因，故选A。而B、C、D都可以在文中找到。 4.细节题。细节的位置在“there are invasive species…which hitch a ride into a new ecosystem on ships or packing material, or are brought in as pets, and then reproduce wildly, crowding out native species”，介绍了入侵物种的来源和危害，它们都由船或包装物或作为宠物带来，迅速繁殖，进而挤走了本地生物。A、B、C在句中都可以找出，D错在入侵物种不一定是吃掉了本地物种。 5.主旨题。文章以之前的大灭绝开头，引入人类面临的大灭绝，在介绍了造成灭绝的原因后，提出了倡议，不仅有客观，而且有对于人类前途的担忧和建议。反观这几个题目．A只强调了客观原因，C项过于含糊，D项只提到了倡议，只有B最为全面。

[单选题]在知识的学习过程中，掌握同类事物的关键特征和本质特征属于( )。

概念学习

解析：概念学习就是要理解某类事物区别于其他事物的共同关键特征。

[单选题]教育活动、教育系统对个体发展与社会发展所产生的各种影响和作用指的是( )。

教育功能

解析：教育功能是教育活动和系统对个体发展和社会发展所产生的各种影响和作用。

[单选题]教师向学生讲授学习内容，学生利用已有的知识去理解意义，这种学习方式是( )。

接受学习

解析：接受学习是指人类个体经验的获得来源于学习活动，是主体对他人经验的接受，把别人发现的经验经过其掌握、占有或吸收，转化成自己的经验。