正确答案: B

隐私权

题目：王同学为远在他乡的母亲写了一封信，老师无意间发现，未经王同学同意，将信在课堂上给大家大声朗读出来，以此鼓励其他同学向王同学学习。该老师的举动侵犯了王同学的( )。

解析：隐私权是指自然人享有的对自己的个人秘密和个人私生活进行支配并排除他人干涉的权利。本题材料中老师未经本人允许私自将个人信件在公众面前朗读，是对王同学隐私权的侵犯。因此答案应选B

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]甲、乙、丙、丁四人正在进行羽毛球比赛，已知：①甲比乙年轻；②丙比他的两个对手年龄都大；⑧甲比他的同伴年龄大；④乙与甲的年龄差比丙与丁的年龄差要大：请问他们中年龄最小的是( )。

丁

解析：由①和⑧知，乙>甲>甲的同伴；又由②知，甲的同伴是丁，丙>甲>丁。故年龄最小的是丁。故选择D项。

[单选题]启发式教学是一种具体的教学方法。A.正确B.错误

解析：启发式教学，就是根据教学目的、内容、学生的知识水平和知识规律，运用各种教学手段，采用启发诱导办法传授知识、培养能力，使学生积极主动地学习，以促进身心发展。这里要着重说明，启发式教学不仅是教学方法，更是一种教学思想，是教学原则和教学观。

[单选题]技能是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的活动方式，一般分为( )。

心智技能和动作技能

解析：根据技能的性质和特点，通常把技能分为操作技能和心智技能。操作技能又称运动技能、动作技能。

[单选题]皮亚杰认为，认知是个体与环境交互作用中逐渐建构的，其结果就是要形成一个( )。

图式

解析：认知是个体与环境交互作用中逐渐构建的，其结果就是要形成一个图式。

[单选题]如果某学生将"人人平等、尊重他人的尊严与权利"等准则作为道德判断的标准，那么该学生处于道德( ).

后习俗阶段

解析：根据科尔伯格的理论，"人人平等、尊重他人的尊严与权利"属于后习俗水平的普遍伦理取向阶段。

[单选题] Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them drowsy. But experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain mysterious. Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. Sufferers readily cite the resulting problems: walking around in a fog, as memory and other cognitive functions slowly. Dozing off at the wheel or at work. Depression. Lack of energy. But for all the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. Two things are clear, the panel found: Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Among the panel's findings: Cognitive / behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective, and doesn't cause side effects. But it can be hard to find health providers trained in the techniques. Insomniacs should check with board-certified sleep specialists and psychologists. Newer prescription sleep pills called Sonata, Ambien and Lunesta work without many of the side-effect concerns of older agents known as benzodiazepines (苯二氮类镇静药). One study of Lunesta showed effectiveness with six months of use, but more research on long-term use of all three is needed, as chronic msomma can linger for years. The most commonly used treatments are alcohol and over-the-counter sedating antihistamines (抗组．胺剂) like Benadryl. Alcohol use actually disrupts quality sleep, and antihistamines can cause lingering daytime sedation and other cognitive problems. The most common prescription insomnia medicine is an older, sedating antidepressant called trazodone, even though there's no good evidence that it offers more than a two-week benefit, and it comes with side effects.

The National Institutes of Health found that ________.

unproven therapies are commonly used by people

解析：1.细节题。根据文章第四段，“Cognitive/behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective”,这种方式非常有效，故D正确。而A、B在文章开头都被作者否定了，“experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea”。而C文章没有提及。 2.细节题。文章的第二段详细地描述了成年人失眠的症状：走路晃悠如在梦中，记忆和认知功能缓慢，在开车和工作中打盹，没有力气等。A、B、C都有所提及。但是D意为“认知功能缺失”，和原文表述不相同。这里应该注意选项和原文的细微区别。 3.细节题。根据文章第三段，“Chronic insomma is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work”，即慢性失眠是一个事关公众身体健康的大问题；尽管目前有一些行之有效的治疗方法，还是有不少人使用未经验证的疗法。应该注意这里说的是该机构的研究发现，不是文章中的所有发现，B、C、D都没有提及，故选A。 4.词义题。over意为“在……之上”，counter意为“柜台”。A项提醒我们药分为处方药和非处方药，而over the counter非常形象地描述了非处方药的销售方法，即直接在柜台上销售。此外， C、D都与语境相距甚远，B过于字面，用排除法可以选出A。 5.推断题。对于A，文中涉及unproven medicines的只有“too many people are using unproven therapies，even while there are a few treatments that do work”，而A没有被提及。B中说失眠者已经找到了可医治的药物，而文中说太多的人们都在用没有经过验证的治疗方法，故人们实际上没有找到。C项在文中没有提及。由“scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomma，its health consequences and how best to treat it"可知D项正确。

[单选题] The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by conung into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.

Which of the following does not agree with the Passage?

People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

解析：1.细节题。文章第二段说到，对于感冒，最普遍的谬论是感冒是由寒冷引起的，后面说感冒是由人与人之间传播的病毒导致的，“If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.”可推断作者的意思是，如果寒冷可以造成感冒，那一直忍受寒冷的爱斯基摩人一定会一直都在感冒。即用这个例子验证寒冷不会引起感冒，感冒是由病毒的传播所导致。故选B。 2.细节题。爱斯基摩人不会一直感冒，而且感冒不是由寒冷引起的，故A、B与文章相符。文章第二段提到生活在北极圈与世隔绝的人们一直都不会得感冒，直到他们与感染了感冒病毒的人接触。故可知D与文章相符。对于C，作者在倒数第二段中说冬天感冒人多的原因是冬天人们更愿意一起待在屋里，这样感冒病毒很容易在人与人之间传播，而单纯地待在屋里不会得感冒，故C错误。 3.细节题。根据第二段结尾，“And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.”可知他们只会在与外界感染感冒的人相接触时才会被感染。故选D。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段的描述，这些志愿者在洗完热水澡后，穿上泳衣，在自己身上浇凉水，然后站在通风的房间里，还有些人穿着湿袜子，站在雨中，以检测他们会不会得感冒。结果证明所有人都没有得感冒，直到他们接触了病毒。故B、C、D错误，只有A正确。 5.主旨题。通读文章，作者一直在谈人们为什么会得感冒和得感冒的途径，故C正确。A只说到了实验，不全面。B和D文章没有提及。

[单选题]In_________drills,the students change a given structure in a way so that they are exposed to other similar structures,which also helps them have a deeper understanding of how the structures are formed and how they are used.

transformation

解析：本题考查语法教学。在语法练习中，机械操练有两种常用方式：替换操练(substitution drills)和转换操练（transformation drills）。题干叙述的内容属于转换操练的内容。故本题选B。