正确答案: C

培养学生学习兴趣，引导学生主动学习

题目：梁启超认为："要进行趣味教育，就要让学生领会学习的乐趣，不能摧残学生学习趣味。而摧残教育趣味的原因其中有一条就是注射式教育。"这就要求教师要开展趣味教育，就要做到( )。

解析：新课改背景下的教师观强调，教师是学生学习的引导者。教师应该把激发学生学习的动机，指导学生的学习方法，作为自己工作的主要目标。梁启超所说的"注射式教育"指的就是传统教育中的"灌输式教育"。要进行趣味教育，就要利用学生的主观能动性，激发学生学习的乐趣。故选择C项。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]人们常说"聪明早慧""大器晚成"，这说明人的身心发展具有( )。

差异性

解析：个别差异性，强调不同学生间存在差异。有的人"聪明早慧"，有的人"大器晚成"，体现了不同学生之间的差异，故选D。A选项阶段性，强调不同阶段学生有不同发展特点，有不同的教育内容和教育方法；教育启示：不能搞"一刀切"、"一锅煮"。B选项互补性，强调某一种身心机能出现缺失，其它机能进行补充：教育启示：结合实际、扬长避短。C选项顺序性，强调发展过程是由低级到高级，有顺序的发展过程。教学启示：要循序渐进，不能"拔苗助长"。

[单选题]最古老也是应用最广最普遍的教学方法是( )。

讲授法

解析：讲授法是教师运用口头语言系统向学生传授知识的一种方法。主要有讲述、讲解、讲读、讲演四种方式。讲授法是最古老也是应用最广最普遍的教学方法。故选择C。A项，讨论法是学生在教师指导下为解决某个问题进行探讨、辩论，从而获取知识的一种方法。B项，谈话法也叫问答法，它是教师按一定的教学要求向学生提出问题，要求学生回答，并通过问答的形式来引导学生获取或巩固知识的方法。D项，实验法是指学生在教师的指导下，使用一定的仪器和设备，在一定条件下引起某些事物和现象产生变化，进行观察和分析，以获得知识和技能的方法。

[多选题]有关利他行为的情境因素，下列匹配正确的是( )。

情境的模糊--仅听到受害者有紧急的情况比既听到又看到紧急情况而提供帮助的人更少

环境的界定--当一名患者请求从他的口袋里取出药片时比别人不知道如何帮助时更容易得到帮助

解析：责任扩散是指发生了紧急事件时，如果有其他人在场，那在场者所分担的责任就会减少；情境的模糊是指清楚地显示出有人需要帮助的情境比模糊情境更容易激起人们的援助：助人的代价是指在各种助人情境中，助人者可能要付出某种代价；环境的界定是指人们清楚地知道需要提供何种帮助时更容易去帮助别人。

[单选题]Passage 2 Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak, the values we absorb-shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we ("we" being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. "Cultural neuroscince," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split). Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects. Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain's dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer's culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa. Cultural neuroscience wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3+4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But English speakers use language circuits. It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight. (Insert cliche about Asian math geniuses) "One would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal:' says Ambady, but they "seem to be culture-specific." Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it's well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite. Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all, it's not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver. Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding. Take the me/mom finding, which, she argues, "attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental, perhaps, that "universal" notions such as human rights, democracy, and the like may be no such thing.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "making waves" in Paragraph 3?

Causing disagreement

解析：本题考查词义猜测由画线词定位至文章第三段，画线部分句子的意思是“如果发现神经生物学仅以著名的文化差异为基础，那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波”。making waves意为“造成轰动，引起话题”，四个选项中D项“引起分歧”意思最接近。综上，D选项正确。故选择D。猜测词义题

[单选题]English course objectives at the stage of basic education include five aspects, that is, students' language skills, language knowledge, emotional attitude, cultural awareness and ________.

learning strategies

解析：考查英语课程目标。基础教育阶段英语课程的目标是“以学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础，培养学生英语综合语言运用能力”。故C项正确。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

Temperatures all over the world ________.

were the highest in 1990s

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题]找规律填数字是一个很有趣的活动，特别锻炼观察和思考能力。下列选项中，填入数列“101、169、305、577、( )、2209” 空缺处的数字，正确的是

1121

解析：题干所示数列的规律是前一项数字的2倍减去33得到后一位数，故101×2-33=169;169×2-33=305;305×2-33=577;577×2-33=(1121);(1121)×2-33=2209。因此填入空缺处的数字应为1121。

[单选题]下列表述，与“并非‘只有本地人当经理，才能把企业搞好’”的判断一致的是

不由本地人当经理，也可以把企业搞好

解析：本题考查复言命题的负命题。并非“只有p，才q”等价于非p且q，故与“并非‘只有本地人当经理，才能把企业搞好’”判断一致的是“不由本地人当经理，也可能把企业搞好”。