正确答案: B

Nonscientific modes ofthought are very important for material surroundings.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,were determined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors, and engineers-use nonscientific modes of thought.This kind of thinking way is different from science.Many features and qualities ofthe objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with the mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In the development of Western technology,it has been non-verbal thinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. 　　The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists.For example,in designing a diesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitations of available space,and not least by a sense of form.Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary. 　　Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curriculum.Nonverbal thinking of a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking" , nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive Process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools. 　　If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving,are not provided.we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations: they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

解析：主旨题。文章开头讲到，许多日常用品明显地受到科学的影响，但其形状和功能、体积和外观都被那些运用非科学思维方式的技术人员、工匠、设计者、发明家以及工程师所设计。接着讲到，非语言的形象思维非常重要，它刻画了物质环境轮廓并充实了其中细节。如金字塔、大教堂和火箭的产生就是非语言的形象思维的结果。由此可知，第一段强调了非科学思维的重要性，B项符合题意。

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]席勒的哪部作品描写了瑞士人民不能忍受压迫，秘密地组织联盟，高呼"不自由，毋宁死"的誓言，走上了斗争的道路？( )

《威廉·退尔》

解析：《威廉·退尔》描写了瑞士人民不能忍受压迫，秘密地组织联盟，高呼"不自由，毋宁死"的誓言，走上了斗争的道路。故选择D。

[多选题]儿童心理纷繁复杂，其发展的总趋势既是向上的，同时又是可逆的。( )

解析：个体身心发展是一个由低级到高级、简单到复杂、由量变到质变的过程。发展的总趋势是向上的，且不可逆的。

[单选题]Students should get the main idea of the listening content, at the same time they should find some specific information. This is a procedure in ________.

while-listening

解析：考查听力教学过程。听中阶段主要是培养学生泛听主旨、精听细节的能力。在实施教学的过程中，要鼓励学生第一遍去精取粗，抓内容要点和前后线索，第二遍听取一些具体的信息。一般情况下通常要让学生确定听力重点，带着六要素--who，where，when，what，why，how去听。

[单选题]学期结束时，班主任都会对学生思想品德的发展变化情况进行评价。这项工作属于( )。

操行评定

解析：操行评定是学校对学生进行教育的重要方法，操行评定的目的在于教育儿童奋发向上，肯定优点，找出缺点，指出努力的方向，鼓励儿童上进；帮助家长全面了解子女在学校的情况以便与老师密切配合，共同教育儿童；帮助班主任总结工作经验，找出问题以改进工作。故选择D。

[单选题]What role does the teacher play at the feedback stage?

Assessor.

解析：本题考查教师角色。在教学反馈阶段，教师的角色是评价者，故本题选A。

[单选题]老师在组织学生思考和讨论时，经常激励学生尽量列举所有可能的想法，这种思维训练方法是( )。

头脑风暴法

解析：头脑风暴法的目的是以集思广益的形式，在一定时间内采用极迅速的联想方法，产生各种主意。题干中老师的做法属于头脑风暴法。

[单选题]Which of the following writing activities may be used to develop students' skill of planning?

Sorting out ideas and putting them in order.

解析：本题考查写作教学活动。题干：下面哪一项写作活动可以用于发展学生的规划能力？A项“分小组修改他们的作文”；B项“自己检查作文中的标点符号”；C项“将想法分类并按顺序排列”；D项“相互检查作文中的语言”。C项符合题意。