正确答案: B
构造地震
题目:属于大多数地震发生的类型的一项是( )。
解析:按地震形成的原因,可以把地震划分为五类:构造地震:是由于岩层断裂,在地质构造上发生的地震。大多数地震发生的类型就是构造地震,故答案选择B。A选项,火山地震:是由火山爆发引起地震。C选项,陷落地震:由于地层陷落引起的地震。D选项,诱发地震:因某种地壳外界因素诱发(如陨石坠落、水库蓄水、深井注水)的地震。另外还有人工地震:地下核爆炸、炸药爆破等人为引起的地面振动称为人工地震。
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[单选题]教育教学要抓住关键期,以求在最短的时间内取得最佳的效果,这是因为人的发展具有( )。
不平衡性
解析:个体身心发展的规律包括顺序性、阶段性、不平衡性、互补性、差异性。关键期是指个体发展过程中环境影响能起最大作用的时期。个体身心发展的不平衡性强调不同时期,人的发展速度不同,关键期是不平衡性的体现。故选择D。A选项,顺序性,强调发展过程是由低级到高级,有顺序的发展过程;教学启示:要循序渐进,不能"拔苗助长"。B选项,阶段性,强调不同阶段学生有不同发展特点,有不同的教育内容和教育方法;教育启示:不能搞"一刀切"、"一锅煮"。C选项,互补性,强调某一种身心机能出现缺失,其它机能进行补充:教育启示:结合实际、扬长避短。
[单选题]"月明星稀,月暗星密"这是感觉的( )。
对比
解析:不同刺激作用于同一感觉器官,使感受性发生变化的现象叫感觉对比。题目中"月明""月暗"这一刺激作用于人眼,会让人感到"星稀""星密"的变化,这就是感觉对比。故选择A。B选项,由于刺激物持续作用于同一感受器,从而使感受性发生变化的现象,叫感觉适应。一般情况下,持续作用的强刺激使感受性降低:持续作用的弱刺激使感受性增高。C选项,感觉的相互作用又称为联觉,指的是一个刺激不仅引起一种感觉,同时还引起另一种感觉的现象就叫联觉。
[单选题]主张教学时促进学生认知结构的形成或改组,而不是刺激一一反应联接的形成或改变教学理论是( )。
认知教学理论
解析:认知派的学习理论认为:学习不是在外部环境的支配下被动地形成S-R联结,而是主动地在头脑内部构建认知结构:学习不是通过练习与强化形成反应习惯,而是通过顿悟与理解获得期待;当有机体当前的学习依赖于他原有的认知结构和当前的刺激情境时,学习受主体的预期所引导,而不是受习惯所支配。故选择B。A选项,行为主义教学理论认为学习是刺激一反应的联接的形成。C选项,情感主义教学理论强调师生之间建立良好的人际关系,强调课堂良好的情绪氛围。D选项,建构主义教学理论强调学生主动建构知识体系。
[单选题] I'm sure that your letter will get____attention. They know you're waiting for the reply.
immediate
解析:考查形容词辨析。由后句waiting for the reply可知"你的信将会很快得到关注",因此选B,immediate意为"立即的"。
[单选题] That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.Socalled intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning.The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice(or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious.Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted co have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.Indeed, when one′s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief: Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be.Cases are recorded of people who(by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion.This forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output).Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned.Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
From the last paragraph we know that________.
forgetfulness is a response to learning
解析:1.原文第二段指出,如果一段时间内我们不对自己所学的进行练习,那么很快就会有所遗忘,在这种情况下适应性的后果也许不太明显。但是突发性失忆却会给适应性带来明显后果。故选A。
2.原文第三段表明,不遗忘的话,适应力就会变差。记录也显示不遗忘的人的生活是混乱的。故选B。
3.原文最后一段提到,研究表明记忆存储系统有限,而遗忘能力可对其进行灵活调节。在学习记忆(输入)与遗忘(输出)之间不断调节。事实证明,个人的遗忘率与他学习多少有直接关系。故选D。
4.本文通篇都在讨论遗忘对于人的适应机制的重要性,行文严谨,理论性很强,故选B。
5.通读全文可知,全文都在谈论遗忘的作用及其重要性,故选A。
[多选题]材料:
初一新生刚刚离开小学,进入陌生的新环境,往往摸不着头绪。为了让他们尽快适应,我在接新班时,反复琢磨,采取了下列措施:
1. 建立家长微信群。一拿到学生信息,我马上建立了班级家长微信群,让家长第一时间了 解孩子所在班级和班主任的情况,我也提前了解了学生和家长的情况。
2.招募学生“志愿者”提前布置教室。为了让孩子和家长第一次进教室就能有一种温馨的感觉,我在班级里招募“志愿者”,请住得较近的孩子提前一天来校打扫布置教室,还特别招募几名有特长的学生为班级出第一期黑板报,呈现我的带班理念及经家长和学生讨论通过的班训和班名。劳动过程中,我一一拍照,并将照片发到微信群里。
3.引导学生树立集体观念。对一个新班而言,让孩子们树立集体观念是首要任务。开学前,我在微信群里发起讨论和交流,耐心听取家长的意见。开学第一天,我不急于向孩子们宣布班规,而是先讲解我们的班训和班名。
同时,我还设立了各种为班级服务的“志愿者”岗位,如领取教材 “志愿者”、领取校服“志愿者”……孩子们积极报名认领岗位,每个学生都成了班级“志愿者”,班级每一项工作都有“志愿者”在服务。
这样,我班学生的几十颗心很快就凝聚在一起,成为了一个有灵魂的集体,
问题:
请结合材料, 从教师职业道德的角度,评析“我”的教育行为。(14分)