正确答案: C

The language we speak determines how we think and see the world.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004,this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide <u>accolades</u>.German newspapers described how it "fioated above the clouds" with "elegance and lightness" and "breathtaking" beauty.In France,papers praised the "immense" "concrete giant".Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not. 　　In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions,Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes,language shapes thought.The effect is powerful enough,she says,that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically" ,not only when they are thinking in order to speak,"but in all manner of cognitive tasks" ,including basic sensory perception."Even a small fluke of grammar" -the gender of nouns- "can have an effect on how people think about things in the world." she says. 　　<u>As in that bridge</u>,in German,the noun for bridge,Brucke,is feminine.In French,pont is masculine.German speakers saw prototypically female features; French speakers,masculine ones. Similarly,Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as harD.heavy,jaggeD.and metal,while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden,intricate,little,and lovely.Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions.In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory,for instance,the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine,says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male,and Russians tend to paint it as female. 　　Language even shapes what we see.People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names-not English's light blue and dark blue,for instance,but Russian's goluboy and sinly.Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that's a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one,but not proving that they actually see the hues differently.In an ingenious experiment,however,Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one.Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names,suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply.Similarly,Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly,and a different one when an object is in something loosely.Sure enough,Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit. 　　Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought.In Russian,verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not-as in "she ate ［and finished］the pizza" .In Turkish,verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored.Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed.and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay.Similarly,while English says "she broke the bowl" even if it smashed accidentally,Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself" ."When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky,"English speakers remember who was to blame even in an accident,but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions.<u>It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality."</u>

解析：推断题。A项指语言对于塑造思想没有重大影响。B项指语言和思想的关系是由来已久的问题。C项指我们所使用的语言决定着我们如何思考，如何看待这个世界。D项指语言是否塑造思想需要被事实经验证实。从第二段中的“Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes，language shapes thought.”和引号包含的话可知C项正确。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]课外活动是学生自愿参加的，初中生的兴趣还不稳定，所以教师在指导课外活动时要注意( )。

使课外活动具有趣味性，能吸引学生参与

解析：暂无

[单选题] Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

Lippl talks about the way of losing weight by spending holidays on mountains with ________.

casualness

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

[单选题] Which of the following does not belong to the post-listening activities?

Listen and tick.

解析：考查听力教学。题干问的是哪一项不属于听后环节的活动，D项听录音并打钩属于听中环节的一种活动。

[单选题]整合所学知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构的策略属于( )。

组织策略

解析：组织策略是整合所学新知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构。精细加工策略是一种深层加工策略，它是为了寻求字面意义背后的深层意义，将新学材料与头脑中已有知识联系起来，以增加新信息的意义。复述策略是在工作记忆中为了保持信息，运用内部语言在大脑中重现学习材料或刺激，以便将注意力维持在学习材料之上。

[单选题]在Excel工作表中，选定某单元格，执行右键菜单中【删除】命令，不可能出现的结果是( )。

左侧单元格右移

解析：当行右键菜单中【删除】命令时，没有左侧单元格向右移动的选项，故选择D。

[单选题]在创造性培养上有一种"头脑风暴"，以下不属于"头脑风暴"的一项是( )。

胡说八道

解析：头脑风暴法又称为集体讨论法，是由奥斯本于1939年提出来的一种培养创造力的方法，其目的是以集思广益的形式，在一定时间内采用极迅速的联想方法，产生大量主意。百家争鸣、自由辩论和抢答均属于"头脑风暴"。

[单选题]对某受害人的五位朋友进行侦查分析后，四个警员各自做出了如下推测：甲说："这五个人都有嫌疑。"乙说："老陈不能逃脱干系，他有嫌疑。"丙说："这五个人不都是有嫌疑的。丁说："五人中肯定有人作案。"如果四个人中只有一个人推测正确，那么以下哪项为真( )。

丙推测正确，老陈没有嫌疑

解析：分析题干信息可知，甲的话和丙的话互为矛盾关系，必有一真一假，又因为只有一真，可知乙和丁的话均为假，由乙的话为假可知老陈没有嫌疑，进而可以推出丙的话为真，甲的话为假。故选择B项。

[单选题]小王、小张、小李、小顾四位舍友预测某次考试的结果。小王：我想这次大家都能过吧！小张：怎么可能？你没看见我乌云密布吗？小李：小顾肯定是没有问题的。小顾：拜托！要是我没问题，大家就都没问题。成绩公布后，证明四人中只有一个人的说法是错误的。说法错误的是( )。

小张

解析：小王的意思是"大家都能过"，而小张的意思是"小张不能过"；二者必有一假，则小李和小顾的话都为真，由小李的话为真可知"小顾能过"，由小顾的话为真可推出"大家都能过"，则小王的话为真，小张的话为假。故选择B项。

[单选题]"师者，人之楷模也"，这句话说明教师的劳动具有( )。

鲜明的示范性

解析：这句话的意思是：教师是人们的榜样和表率。说明教师的劳动具有示范性的特点，教师的言行举止都会成为学生学习的对象。故选择C。