正确答案:

题目：简述活动课程的特点。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"罢黜百家，独尊儒术"是由谁提出来的？( )

董仲舒

解析："罢黜百家，独尊儒术"是董仲舒于元光元年（公元前134年）提出，在汉武帝时开始推行。故选择D。A选项，孔子的教育思想主要体现在他和弟子的言论专著《论语》中。即孔子有教无类的思想主张，因材施教、循循善诱、不耻下问、身体力行、学思结合、温故知新的教学方法，学而不厌、诲人不倦的教学态度等，都有重要体现。B选项，苏格拉底提出"产婆术"。他认为教育是思想上的接生，强调教育应该是由内而外的，是将儿童心灵中的智慧不断引出、发展的过程。第一步是苏格拉底讽刺，他认为这是使人变得聪明的一个必要步骤，因为除非一个人很谦逊自知其无知，否则他不可能学到真知；第二步是定义，在问答过程中经过反复诘难和归纳从而得出明确的定义和概念：第三步是助产术，引导学生自己进行思索，自己得出结论。C选项，柏拉图，古希腊哲学家，著有《理想国》，强调"隅学习于游戏"。另外，柏拉图还强调教育目的的社会本位论。

[单选题]( )是班级管理的核心。

学生的发展

解析：现代班级管理的核心理念是以学生发展为本。

[单选题]心理学家通常把教师期望的预言效应称为( )。

皮格马利翁效应

解析：罗森塔尔效应，也称皮格马利翁效应或期待效应，认为教师的期望或明或暗地被传送给学生，学生会按照教师所期望的方向来塑造自己的行为。故选择D。A选项，定势，指重复先前的操作所引起的一种心理准备状态。在环境不变的条件下，定势使人能够应用已掌握的方法迅速解决问题。而在情境发生变化时，它则会妨碍人采用新的方法。消极的思维定势是束缚创造性思维的枷锁。B选项，当我们认为某人具有某种特征时，就会对其他特征作相似判断，这就是晕轮效应，也称为光环效应。C选项，在总体印象形成上，最初获得的信息比后来获得的信息影响更大的现象，称为首因效应，也叫最初效应。

[单选题]"小型分散"便于开展多种多样的活动，满足学生的兴趣、爱好，发展学生的才能，使学生得到更多的学习和锻炼机会，这种课外活动形式是( )。

小组活动

解析：课外活动的组织形式包括群众性活动、小组活动、个别活动。其中小组活动是课外活动的主要形式。小组活动以自愿组合为主，根据学生的兴趣.爱好和学校的具体条件，进行有目的、有计划的经常性活动。其特点是自愿组合、小型分散、灵活机动。

[单选题]在记圆周率时，教师编了顺口溜"山顶一寺一壶酒，尔乐苦煞吾"来帮助学生记忆，这种记忆法是( )。

谐音联想记忆法

解析：谐音联想法是一种用相同或相似的读音将无意义材料变成有意义材料以帮助记忆的方法。故选择B。

[单选题]理性一情绪疗法是由美国临床心理学家( )创立的一种心理治疗体系。

艾利斯

解析：心理学家艾利斯曾提出理性情绪辅导方法。认为，人的情绪是由人的思想决定的，合理的观念导致健康的情绪，不合理的观念导致负向的、不稳定的情绪，即人的行为的ABC理论。故选择C。

[单选题]请阅读Passage 1，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　With her magical first novel,Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whose voices are suddenly reaching a far wider,more diverse audience.Unlike Latin American writers such as Colombia's Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru's Mario Vargas Llosa-whose translated works became popular here in the 1970s-these authors are writing in English and drawing their themes from two cultures.Their stories,from Dreaming in Cuban to Julia Alvarez's How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent and Victor Villasenor's rain of GolD.offer insight into the mixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.Garcia Girls for example,is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants,"We didn't feel we had the beat the United States had to offer," one of the girls says,"We had only second-hand stuff,rental houses in one redneck Catholic neighborhood after another,clothes at Round Robin,a black and white TV afflicted with wavy lines." Alvarez,a Middlebury College professor who emigrated from santo Domingo when she was 10,says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that border between two worlds and we can see both points ofview." 　　With few exceptions,such as Chicano writer Rudolfo AnayA.many Hispanic-Americans have been writing in virtual obscurity for years,nurtured only by small presses like Houston's Arte Publico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe,Ariz.Only with the recent success of sandra Cisneros's Woman Hollering Creek and Oscar Hijuelos's prize-winning novel,The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love,have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos.Julie Grau,Cisneros's editor at Turtle Bay,says,"editors may now be looking more carefully at a book that before they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership." 　　But if Villasenor's experience is any indication,some editors are still wary.In 1989,Putnam gave Villasenor a $75,000 advance for the hardcover rights to rain of GolD.the compelling saga of his family's migration from Mexico to CaliforniA.But the editors,says Villasenor,wanted major changes: "They were going to destroy the book.It's nonfiction; they wanted to publish it as a novel. And they wanted to change the title to 'Rio Grande',which sounded like some old John Wayne 　　movie." After a year of strained relations,he mortgaged his house,borrowed his mother's life savings and bought back the rights to the book that had taken 10 years to write. 　　In frustration,Villasenor turned to Arte Publico.In the eight months since its release,rain of Gold has done extremely well,considering its limited distribution; 20,000 copies have been sold."If we were a mainstream publisher,this book would have been on The New York Times best-seller list for weeks," says Arte Pulico's Nicolas Kanelos.The author may still have a shot: he has sold the paperback rights to Dell.And he was just named a keynote speaker (with Molly Ivins and Norman Schwarzkopf) for the American Booksellers Association convention in May.Long before they gained this sort of attention,however,Villasenor,Cisneros and other Latino writers were quietly building devoted followings.Crossing the country,they read in local bookstores,libraries and schools.Their stories,they founD.appeal not only to Latinos- 　　who identify with them,but to a surprising number ofAnglos,who find in them a refreshingly different perspective on American life.Still,there are unusual pressures on these writers.Cisneros vividly recalls the angst she went through in writing the final short stories for Woman Hollering: "I was traumatized that it was going to be one of the first Chicano books 'out there'.I felt I had this responsibility to my community to represent us in all our diversity."

What advantage do the new generation Latino writers have over Latin American writers according to the passage?

The former are able to express ideas from a bi-cultural perspective.

解析：细节题。根据第一段中的“Unlike Latin American writers…these authors are writing in English and drawing their themes from two cultures.”及最后一句“…being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point:‘We travel on that border between two worlds and we can see both points ofview.”可知，C项正确。

[单选题]关于问题情境与问题解决关系表述正确的一项是( )。

问题情境所包含的事物太多或太少都不利于问题的解决

解析：问题情境与问题解决密切相关。问题情境中所包含的事物太多或太少、"心理眩惑"等情况都不利于问题解决。问题情境中的刺激模式与个人知识结构是否接近、问题情境中事物的空间安排都影响问题解决。