正确答案: B

It begins before the birth of a baby.

题目：请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the <u> ambient </u> language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

解析：细节题。根据倒数第二段中的“That acquisition，it is now clear,begins months before birth，probably in the third trimester.”可知，婴儿在出生之前就开始了语言习得。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教师的哪一种领导方式对学生发展的促进作用最大？( )

民主型

解析：教师的领导方式是教师用来行使权力与发挥其领导作用的行为方式。勒温曾在1939年将教师的领导方式分为专制型、民主型和放任型三种类型。这三种不同的领导方式会使学生产生不同的行为反应，从而形成不同的课堂气氛，其中民主型的课堂气氛最佳。故选择B。

[单选题]一个人学会骑自行车后，即使很多年不骑也不会忘记，这种记忆是( )。

程序性记忆

解析：陈述性记忆是指对事情描述的记忆，如自我介绍，这是属于外显记忆：而程序性记忆是指技巧性的动作，如骑脚踏车，这是属于内隐记忆。