正确答案: D

The criticisms usually come from advocacy groups and so-called educational entrepreneurs.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5题。 　　Passage 2 　　teacher education provided by U,S.colleges and universities has been routinely criticizedsince its inception in the early nineteenth century,sometimes deservedly.These programs,like non-university programs,are uneven in quality and can be improved.What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups,and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers,and to expand independent,alternative routes intoteaching. 　　This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gainedconsiderable “momentum” and legitimacy,with venture capitalists,philanthropy,and the U.S.Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding. 　　The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its universitysystem and replace much ofit with independent,private programs.The resulting system of teacherpreparation may differ dramatically in its government,structure,content,and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal,medical,and other professional preparation that pairsacademic degrees with professional training. 　　Throughout the nation,states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas andgeographical locations,and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or,like the state of Washington,have looked toward expanding the number ofteacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies.The federal government has contributedto the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the teacher Preparation Academyprovision in the new K-12 education law,the Every Student Succeeds act,which encourages statesto expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities. 　　Because of the increasing tuition rates,a consequence in part,of cuts in funding to publicuniversities that continue to educate most U.S.teachers,enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country.Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing thenation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.Additionally,advocacy groups,philanthropists,and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching. 　　Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantialmedia attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solutionto teacher shortages and education inequities,policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

解析：推断题。从第一段最后一句“What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups,and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers,and to expand independent.alternative routes into Teaching.”可以推断出，对于如今师范教育的批判主要来自宣传组织和所谓的教育企业家，故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]大陆漂移说是一种解释地壳运动和海陆分布、演变的科学假说，为板块构造学说的建立和发展奠定了基础，对地球科学的发展起到了很大的推动作用。下列人物中，正式提出该学说的是( )。

魏格纳

解析：魏格纳，德国气象学家、地球物理学家。据传，魏格纳在受伤休养期间观察到地图中非洲大陆西岸和南美洲东岸的海岸线相吻合，进而提出了"大陆漂移学说"，被称为"大陆漂移学说之父"。考点点拨：A项，培根是文艺复兴时期英国最重要的散文家、哲学家，是实验科学、近代归纳法的创始人，又是科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。B项，洪堡是世界近代比较语言学创始人之一，也是柏林洪堡大学的创始者、著名的教育改革者、语言学者及外交官，著有《论爪哇岛的卡维语》。D项，达尔文是英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人，著有《物种起源》。

[单选题]爸爸询问青青所喜欢的学科。她调皮地说："我不像喜欢英语那样喜欢语文，也不像喜欢化学那样喜欢物理；不像喜欢语文那样喜欢化学，也不想喜欢数学那样喜欢英语。"下列学科，依青青喜好的成都，由高到底排序正确的是( )。

数学英语语文化学物理

解析：题干考查朴素逻辑中的顺序问题。根据青青的话，她喜欢的学科可以写为：英语>语文；化学>物理；语文>化学；数学>英语。据此可以推出，青青喜欢科目的从高到低的排序为：数学>英语>语文>化学>物理。故选择A项。

[单选题]学生学习正方形，这种学习属于( )。

概念学习

解析：概念学习是指学会认识一类事物的共同属性，并对同类事物的抽象特征做出反应。

[单选题]芳芳今年16岁，其父好赌成性，家里外债累累。父亲出于无奈与债主李某达成协议，当芳芳年满18岁时将同李某成婚。父亲的行为( )。

严重违反了《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》

解析：《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第十五条规定：父母或者其他监护人不得允许或者迫使未成年人结婚，不得为未成年人订立婚约。故选择C。

[单选题]传统教育走向现代教育，其重要标志是产生了( )。

杜威的儿童中心思想

解析：杜威顺应时代和工业发展的趋势，对传统教育的弊病进行了批判，主张教育的一切措施都应有利于儿童的成长，他所提倡的"现代教育三中心"标志着传统教育走向现代教育。

[单选题]下列选项中，作家和作品的对应正确的是( )。

曹雪芹-《红楼梦》

解析：《红楼梦》，又名《石头记》、《情僧录》、《风月宝鉴》、《金陵十二钗》等，作者曹雪芹，清初小说家。与《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》并成为"四大名著"《西游记》的作者是吴承恩（明）；《三国演义》的作者是罗贯中（元末明初）；《水浒传》的作者是施耐庵（元末明初）；《聊斋志异》的作者是蒲松龄（清）。故选择D。

[多选题]阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。 　　博览群书总还是要的，读书人喜欢说"腹有诗书气自华"，但仔细想想，在人身上真正起作用的，一定是真正读懂、读通、读化了的那几部书。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作。自定立意，自拟题目，自选文本。不少于800字。