正确答案: D

Causing disagreement.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak,the values we absorb-shapes the brain,and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners.To take one recent example,a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we ( "we" being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits.But with Chinese volunteers,the results were strikingly different.The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves,but also when they considered whether it described their mother.The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom.Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole,this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. 　　"Cultural neuroscience" ,as this new field is calleD.is about discovering such differences.Some of the findings,as with the "me/mom" circuit,buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.For instance,it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split).Sure enough,when shown complex,busy scenes,Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions.The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects. 　　Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down,shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crosseD.face forward) to Japanese and Americans.The brain's dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans,submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer's culture most values,they reported in 2009.This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question,but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain,not vice versa.Cultural neuroscience wouldn't be <u>making waves</u> if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences.It is also uncovering the unexpected.For instance,a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3 + 4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do,even though both use Arabic numerals.The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus).But English speakers use language circuits.It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words,but the East imbues them with symboliC.spatial freight.(Insert cliche about Asian math geniuses.) "One would think that neural processes involvng basic mathematical computations are universal," says Ambady,but they "seem to be culture-specific". 　　Not to be the skunk at this party,but I thunk it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from,say,anthropology.For instance,it's well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual,and that Americans do the opposite.Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all,it's not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver. 　　Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding.Take the me/mom finding,which,she argues,"attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures.It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental,perhaps,that "universal" notions such as human rights,democracy,and the like may be no such thing.

解析：词汇题。由画线词定位至文章第三段中的“Cultural neurosclence wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences”，意思是如果发现神经生物学仅以众所周知的文化差异为基础，那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波。making waves意为“造成轰动，引起话题”，四个选项中D项causing disagreement“引起分歧”与其意思最接近。故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]新入职的张老师对学生的要求十分严格，有一次晓明迟到一分钟，不问原因不准晓明坐回座位，站在教室后听课一上午。关于张老师，下列说法错误的是( )。

严格恪守教师职责

解析：人格尊严权指学校、教师应当尊重学生尊严，不得对学生实施体罚、变相体罚或其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。罚站的行为属于体罚，没有严格恪守教师的职责。故选择C。

[单选题]根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，为了学习效果更好，学生应该( )。

及时复习

解析：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线表明，遗忘在学习之后立即开始，而且遗忘的过程最初进展得很快，以后逐渐缓慢；过了相当的时间后，几乎不再遗忘。防止遗忘最重要的措施是及时复习。

[单选题]在一堂数学课上，同学们就其中延伸出来的一个新概念发生激烈争论，各执己见。此时，老师应采取的合理措施是( )。

因势利导，鼓励学生课后探究

解析：教师劳动具有创造性，在工作中因材施教，教学方法上的不断更新，拥有"教育机智"。题干描述体现了的教育机智，在学生发生争论时候，教师利用自身的教育机智，妥善处理课堂中的突发事件。故选择A。