正确答案: C

People who work longer hours have a higher risk of heart disease.

题目： New research has found that those who work 11 hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If you're about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while-a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of having a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from medical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the joumal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a "nine to five" job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said:"We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease." "It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors," Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Britons have heart disease, where the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (冠状动脉). It is the nation's biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.

解析：1.细节题。在第二段中，作者先后提到了观察、数据采集、医学检查等，而questionnaire 不包括在研究范围中，故选D。 2.细节题。在第二段中，作者说到，“the study was published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine”，与A相反。“the team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall”，B中，实验不是在这里做的，而是来自这里的研究员做的。由“looked at more than 7，000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years”，可知是研究员观察这些公务员11年，而不是公务员在白宫工作了11年，D错误。故选C。 3.细节题。由第三段“Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice.”可知教授对于这个研究非常自信。故A错误。C、D在文中没有提及。由“This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease，”可知这项研究可为今后心脏病的治疗提供依据，故B正确。 4.细节题。由“the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries”“Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored，the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.”可知脂肪沉积物会堵塞血管，而心脏病发作时，冠状血管被完全堵住，如果血液供给不能恢复，这段血管所供给的心脏就会死去。故A、B、D正确。而C中的逻辑和文中不同，其所说的“一旦恢复供血，这段心脏会继续工作”的说法文中没有提及。 5.主旨题。文中作者首先介绍了一项关于工作与心脏病的研究，包括研究的背景、方法、过程和结果。而后在文章最后一段，作者介绍现在心脏病发病的情况和心脏病发作的原理。这些研究都在证实一个事实，即：长时间的工作增加患心脏病的风险。故A、B、C的描述都不全面。只有D，“长时间工作增加心脏病发病率”最全面，是文章主要讨论的内容，故为本题答案。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]在学习中利用列提纲等方式抽取学习内容的要义，建构所学内容的组织与结构，这种学习策略属于( )。

组织策略

解析：组织策略主要包括列提纲、图形和表格，以及归类和概括。归类即通过对零散、个别的项目、单元进行分类与排列，可以加强知识之间的相互联系，有助于形成简明有序的结构，使学习者易于理解与记忆。故选择B。A选项，精细加工策略指记忆术（如位置记忆法、缩减与编歌诀、谐音联想法、关键词法、视觉联想），做笔记，提问，生成性学习，利用背景知识，联系实际等。C选项，元认知策略是一种典型的学习策略，指学生对自己的认知过程及结果的有效监视及控制的策略。元认知策略控制着信息的流程，监控和指导认知过程的进行，包括计划策略、监控策略（注意策略）和调节策略。D选项，阅读理解是学生从书面语言中获取信息，进行编码加工，获得知识意义的过程。

[多选题]现代教育的特征有( )。

现代学校教育与生产劳动发生着密切联系

学校教育逐渐走向大众化，体现民主性和普及性等特征

学校教育不再受围墙限制，走向多种形式办学

教育的终身化

解析：现代教育的特征主要表现为：(1)教育的生产性不断增强，教育与生产劳动相结合；(2)教育的公共性、普及性和多样性日益突出；(3)教育的科学化水平日益提高；(4)学校教育不再受围墙的限制，走向多种形式办学，并与社会发生密切联系，逐渐成为一个开放系统；(5)教育不断终身化、全民化、民主化、多元化、全球化。

[单选题]Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that new borns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies:'says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg, Germany, who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester, "said Wermke. "Contrary to orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identicaI."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound:' says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry soundedlike, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throats sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology, " the scientists point out. The Frenh newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns:'showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes- speech sounds such as"ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, So-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pit rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Moms voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners--good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own ［sound］ production, conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language, " giving them a head start on sounding French or German or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier 12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. lt's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

What does Kathleen Wermke's research indicate?

Babies 'cries could be their early language acquisition

解析：根据“scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age”可知，A项说法错误。根据“We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies”及后文可知，Kathleen Wermke的研究是用婴儿哭声声调的不同来说明婴儿语言的习得可能在子宫中就开始了，婴儿的哭声可能就是他们早期语言习得的体现。B项说法正确。根据“That acquisition，it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester“可知.C项与原文不符。D项在文中直接进行了说明，不符合题目要求。故选择B。

[单选题]针对本区域环境污染的现状，张老师带领本组老师编写了有关环境保护的学生读本，这突出体现了张老师是( )。

课程的建设者与开发者

解析：新课改背景下的教师观强调，教师从课程的忠实执行者转变为课程的建设者和开发者。张老师带领本组老师编写了有关环境保护的学生读本，是对课程内容进行的建设和开发，故选择B。

[单选题]发现学习就是有意义学习。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：奥苏伯尔根据以下两个维度对认知领域的学习进行分类。一个维度是学习进行的方式，据此将学习分为接受学习和发现学习。另一个维度是学习材料与学习者原有知识的关系，据此将学习分为机械学习和有意义学习。发现学习既可能是有意义的，也可能是机械的。

[单选题]面对违纪学生，个别教师采取罚款的办法，叶老师没有这样做，而是耐心地与学生交流，帮助他们改正缺点。这说明叶老师能够做到()。

依法执教

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）"依法执教"规定，教师要依法执教，自觉遵守<教师法》等法律法规，学校、教师不尊重学生尊严，对学生实施体罚、变相体罚或，违反了依法执教的教师职业道德。故选择A。

[多选题]材料： 　　五四运动出现了一批狂飙突进的猛将，如陈独秀、胡适、钱玄同、蔡元培、李大钊、鲁迅、周作人等。这些人站在时代的前列，高举文化批判的旗帜，面对中国传统而巩固的旧文化和旧礼教，指出它阻碍中国前进的保守性，以惊电迅雷的气势进行扫荡，从而开辟出一条通往光明的道路。他们的勇气和激情，产生于中国内忧外患的现实，产生于现实中的污垢和血腥。他们是登高一呼从者如云的英雄式人物。他们的胆略和气魄，至今尚使我们为之气壮！这些先行者，他们给中国社会送来一剂疗救病症的"药"，这药是治"心"的，是"醒魂药"。他们继承了前人奋斗的遗产，这里有戊戌变法和辛亥革命的遗产。但他们推出的新文化和新文学，却是他们的前人所未曾造出的成功。 　　冰心不是这类英雄式的人物，她更"平常"。但她响应了和参与了这种英雄业绩的创造和建设。她和五四那一代人有一种共同的性格，那就是反抗和批判。他们同样是新时代和新潮流的推动者。他们共同完成了中国20世纪伟大的精神革命。伟大的五四精神其实质在对于旧文化和旧礼教的抗争。但五四并非一味地"破坏"，它有鲜明的建设精神；五四也并非一味地"激烈"，它的本质是温情的和人性的。这些本质在那些猛将身上，是隐藏着和潜伏着的，而在另一类"非猛将"如冰心这样的人身上，则成为一种非常明显确定的品质。 　　这是充满幻想和想象力的一代人。他们从中国悠久的传统中走来，而又不满并质疑那一切。但在他们的创造中却又融进了并更新了其中有益的养分。他们未曾因批判和反抗而造成文化的"断裂"，相反，他们更生了中国文化，他们使自己成为中国最丰富和最有创造力的一代人。 　　这个让人景仰的队伍中，走着我们的冰心先生。她是最先觉悟的那些女性中的一位。她接受中国传统文化的熏陶，她又接受了教会的和美国式的教育。中西、古今文化的交汇和融合，在她那里造出了奇迹。她起步于"问题小说"的写作，成为"文学研究会"的中坚，她的创作服务于"为人生"的理想；她受秦戈尔的启发，首创"随感式"的无题小诗，发起和倡导了中国新诗史的"小诗运动"；她用通讯的方式写散文，她的《寄小读者》开辟了散文的新天地，一种崭新的抒情文体在她的笔下诞生；冰心还是新文学中儿童文学元老式的人物，也是儿童文学热情的支持者和实践者。 　　冰心毕生都在这样辛勤地创造着，直到生命的晚年，她都没有放下她所钟情的手中的笔。而且愈到晚年，她性格中潜藏的刚烈之气愈为显扬。身居郊野，不忘天下，正气凛然，疾恶如仇。所作短文，如《万般皆上品》《无士则如何》等，竞有匕首般的犀利！让人不敢相信这些文章竞出自年近百岁的老人之手！ 　　斗转星移，岁月不居，冰心走完她的百年人生长途，离我们去了。但她在我们的心目中始终是一颗不倦地燃烧着的星，这颗星已燃烧了一百年！她留给我们的是一种我们永远无法企及的高雅文采、凛然不可侵犯的尊严的精神财富。 　　（选自谢冕《这颗心燃烧了一百年》，有删改） 　　问题： 　　(1)第3自然段中说"他们更生了中国文化"，"更生"在文中的含义是什么？（4分） 　　(2)文中比较了冰心先生和陈独秀等人的异同，请你加以概括。（10分）