正确答案: A

《岳阳楼记》

题目：下列选项中，不属于东晋文学家陶渊明的作品是( )。

解析：《岳阳楼记》（"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"）北宋文学家范仲淹应好友巴陵郡太守滕子京之请，于北宋庆历六年（1046年）九月十五日为重修岳阳楼写的，故选择A项。《桃花源记》、《归去来兮辞》（"富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期"）、《归园田居》（"久在樊笼里，复得返自然"）、均是陶渊明的作品。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]统一六国的过程中，最后灭亡的诸侯国是( )。

齐

解析：秦灭六国顺序：韩赵魏、楚燕齐。齐国是被秦国所灭最后的大诸侯国。故选择D。但是如果严谨考证，据《史记》记载，秦国最后灭掉的国家是卫国，在秦二世元年年才被灭掉。所以此题并不严谨。

[单选题]课程评价的基本阶段的第二步是( )。

搜集信息

解析：在课程评价中，评价者通常要经历以下几个步骤：(1)把焦点集中在所要研究的课程现象上；(2)搜集信息；(3)组织材料；( )分析资料；(5)报告结果。

[单选题]"读文章标题去猜测文中具体内容"是属于( )。

推测与假设训练

解析："读文章标题去猜测文中具体内容"是推测与假设训练，是训练创造性的一种方法。

[单选题]小玲刚刚转学，害羞胆小，不敢发言，钟老师多次鼓励并表扬她，让她逐步克服胆怯，勇敢地在课堂上发言，钟老师采用的方法是( )。

强化法

解析：强化法用来培养新的适应性行为。根据学习原理，一个行为发生后，如果紧跟着一个强化刺激，这个行为再次发生的可能性就会增加。

[单选题]"桃李不言，下自成蹊"这句话所体现的德育方法是( )。

榜样示范法

解析：(1)实际锻炼法是指让学生参加各种实际活动，在活动中锻炼思想、增长才干，培养优良思想和行为习惯。(2)榜样示范法是用榜样人物的优秀品德来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。(3)陶冶教育法是教师利用环境和自身的教育因素，对学生进行潜移默化的熏陶和感染，使其在耳濡目染中受到感化的方法。(4)指导自我教育法是指在教育者指导下，受教育者在自我意识基础上产生积极进取心，为形成良好思想品德而向自己提出任务，进行自觉的思想转化和行为控制的方法。桃树、李树有芬芳的花朵、甜美的果实，虽然不会说话，但仍然能吸引许多人到树下赏花尝果，以至树下走出一条小路。身教重于言教，体现了榜样示范的作用。故选择B。

[单选题]班主任在班级管理中的地位不包括( )。

是班级制度的贯彻者

解析：班主任在班级管理中的地位包括：班集体的设计者，班级组织的领导者、教育者，协调班级人际关系的艺术家。

[单选题] The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government. The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress. The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of' integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover, the school′s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

解析：1.根据文章第一段第二句"…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…"可知，到目前为止，我们还不是很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了该如何对此类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的数据是不充足的，那么选项A、B、C所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。故选D。 2.作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人、同事和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。B项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原因。C项"医学依靠政府"，D项"医学院中作弊行为普遍存在"，都不符合文章内容。 3.作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在的原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭、社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项A的内容。选项B、C、D的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境、家长的教育、电视的影响，虽然都起到一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。 4.A项"医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者"是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气"if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance"，即如果能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说"Medical schools…cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society."D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感，故选C。 5.C项和文章最后一段的"The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing"相呼应。A项不正确，因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。B项的叙述不准确，因为作者的本意是医学界的杰出人物应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。D项不正确，作者仅提议医学院对违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决、公正、透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。