正确答案: D

a cause of undesirable behaviors

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Come on-Everybody's doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the CluB.Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 　　Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina.a state-sponsored antismoking program called rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South AfricA.an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 　　The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology."Dare to be different,please don't smoke! " pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure. 　　But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. 　　There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. 　　Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world.as in school,we insist on choosing our own friends.

解析：细节题。文章第一段提到“It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex”，句中usually与题干中的often对应，leads to与D项中的cause对应，drinking，drugs and casual sex与D项中的否定成分u：ndesirable behaviors对应，故D项“不良行为的诱因”正确，它是对原文的同义替换。A项“社会治疗的补充”，B项“群体活力的刺激”都是Rosenberg的新观点。C项“学校进步的障碍”是针对文章最后一段出的干扰项，且属于过度推断。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]Which ofthe following shows how the fraction"7/9" reads in English?

Seven-ninths.

解析：本题考查英语中分数的读法。分数的表达方式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词用复数形式。故本题选D。

[单选题]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》提出要加强教师队伍建设，以下保障措施错误的是( )。提高教师业务水平

教师队伍整体素质

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》第十七章加强教师队伍建设规定：要提高教师业务水平以农村教师为重点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。题干描述以城市教师为重点，故选择D。

[单选题]在世界教育学史上被认为是"现代教育学之父"或"科学教育学的奠基人"的学者是( )。

赫尔巴特

解析：赫尔巴特是现代教育之父，也是传统教育之父；夸美纽斯是教育学之父，注意两位教育家地位的区分。故选择D。赫尔巴特其它考点：作品《普通教育学》，标志着教育学科学化和规范化。提出三中心论一一教师中心、教材中心、课堂中心：将伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论基础：提出"四阶段教学"理论一一清楚、联想、系统和方法：提出教育性教学原则一一德育与教学相结合：教育目的一一社会本位论，培养良好社会公民。A项，斯宾塞英国教育家，首次把课程作为学科专门术语。作品《教育论》。主要考点：提出科学知识最有价值，第一次明确提出德育、智育、体育的概念；教育目的一一教育准备生活说一一教育为未来生活做准备。B项，夸美纽斯是教育学之父，作品《大教学论》。夸美纽斯的主要考点：首次提出班级授课制，提出教育要遵循人的自然发展的原则；提出"泛智教育"；规定了百科全书式的课程：首次提出并论证了直观性、系统性、量力性、巩固性和自觉性等一系列教学方法。C项，裴斯泰洛齐是瑞士教育家，被称为"慈爱儿儿童之父"。作品《林哈德与葛笃德》。主要考点：教育的首要功能应是促进人的发展：最早提出教育心理学化"的主张：西方教育史上第一位将"教育与生产劳动相结合"这一思想付诸实践的教育家。

[单选题]从根本上说，教师的教育威信来自于( )。

教师高尚的教育人格

解析：教师威信主要来源于社会地位和人格魅力，其中，教师的人格魅力是形成真正的教师威信的基础。故选择D。

[多选题]下列符合现代教育制度的发展趋势的有( )。

加强学前教育并重视其与小学教育的衔接

强化普及义务教育，延长义务教育年限

普通教育与职业教育朝着相互渗透的方向发展

解析：现代教育制度的发展趋势主要包括：加强学前教育并重视其与小学教育的衔接；加强普及义务教育，延长义务教育年限：普通教育与职业教育相互渗透；高等教育的类型日益多样化；教育的国际交流加强：终身教育体系的建构：教育社会化与社会教育化：学历教育与非学历教育的界限逐渐淡化。D项"日益明晰"的说法错误。

[单选题]以下说法不正确的是( ).

教师不可享受带薪休假

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第七条规定："教师有权享受国家规定的各种待遇，包括医疗、住房、退休方面的待遇和优惠政策以及寒暑假期的带薪休假。"故选择A。

[多选题]美育就是艺术教育。( )

解析：美育又称为审美教育或美感教育，是运用艺术美、自然美和社会生活美培养学生正确的审美观点以及感受美、鉴赏美和创造美的能力的教育。