正确答案: D

The amount of oxygen provided.

题目： Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题] Many years ago, I came across a book by Anthony de Mello called Awareness.De Mello was an Indian Jesuit priest whose writing was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church.To me, he is a great source of inspiration, and he has much to say about happiness and pain.Life is easy; life is delightful.It′s only hard on your illusions, your ambitions, your greed, and your cravings. One of De Mello′s key messages is that, by nature, life is not a struggle.Attachment- greed, craving, ambition-is the cause of all misery, and so to be detached is to be happy.Does this mean we should have no preferences?Should we not want to achieve more?Should we not desire and seek out the good things in life?I think it would be absurd to say that we should have no preference between different experiences and conditions, but a distinction needs to be made between preference and attachment.We are surrounded by contrast, and one can choose-and enjoy-different experiences, without being attached to them.To enjoy someone′s company without being clingy, to feel great pleasure when watching the sunset on a cool summer evening without mourning the coming of the night-we can have preferences and make choices about what we experience without craving them.We are free to choose-and to prefer-some conditions over others.But when our preferences become cravings, then life becomes a struggle to achieve these conditions, and once we have achieved them, we start to worry about losing them. An analogy might be going for a long walk in the country-there will be various different scenes, and each one can be enjoyed.Perhaps you have some preference for a certain view or a particular spot on the walk, and you might linger in one place for a while, but all of the different parts of the walk can be enjoyed along the way. Happiness, it seems, is to accept the world as it is, enjoying the journey as we pass through and being appreciative of each stage on the way.If it is peace you want,seek to change yourself, not other people.It is easier to protect your feet with slippers than to carpet the whole of the earth. Trying to change the world in a forceful way is a foolish endeavor.Changing yourself may, in time, change things around you, but to"take on" the world will probably not achieve much.Force may result in change, but it will be temporary and easily reversed.Real change is the result of quiet, patient working with the natural flow of things, just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape. Lao Tze, the semi-mythical Taoist sage, is said to have written in the Tao Te Ching, "By letting it go it all gets done.The world is won by those who let it go.But when you try and try, the world is beyond the winning."

The killer of happiness is________.

the attachment

解析：1.由文章第二段第二句话"Attachment-greed，craving，ambition-is the cause of all misery，and so to be detached is to be happy."可知"the attachment"是幸福的杀手。 2.由文章倒数第二段最后一句话"…just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape."可知，作者欣赏的是静水流深的特性。A项是"静水流深"，B项是"滴水穿石"，C项是"有志者，事竟成"，D项是"水至清则无鱼"，故选A。 3.由文章第一段"To me，he is a great source of inspiration"可知，受到谴责是因为他的书给人灵感，而这正是当时宗教所不容许的。故答案选A。 4.文章最后一句引用了老子的《道德经》中的话：只有放手才能赢得世界，获得幸福；不断尝试是无用的。可知，幸福来源于对自身的满足。故答案选B。 5.老子的这句话是来支持作者观点的，作者围绕着"幸福"来展开叙述，并介绍获得幸福的方法。故答案选C。

[多选题]小于同学在最近的学习中发现当天学习的内容，如果不及时复习，很快就出现遗忘。那些成绩不错的同学们都在课前预习和课后复习。在学习中，同学们还发现早晨起床后和晚上临睡前是记忆效果最好的时候，并且在背诵课文时，第一段和最后一段背诵的效果最好。阅读以上材料，回答：(1)遗忘有什么规律？(2)如何解释"早晨起床后和晚上临睡前记忆效果最好"的现象。

[单选题]根据耶克斯一多德森定律，当学生遇到困难或出现问题时，教师应使其心理紧张程度控制在( )。

较低的水平

解析：耶克斯一多德森定律论述了学习动机和学习效率的关系，即倒"U"型曲线。在学习较复杂、较困难的课题时，则应尽量创造轻松自由的课堂气氛，在学生遇到困难或出现问题时，要尽量心平气和地慢慢引导，以免学生过度紧张和焦虑。

[多选题]班级管理的实质是让每个学生成为班级的主人。( )

解析：班级管理的实质是在班级管理的过程中，调动学生自我教育的力量，发挥每一个学生的主人翁精神，使人人都积极主动地参与班级事务，让每一个学生都成为班级的主人。

[多选题]下列行为是由内部动机引发的是( )。

学生出于对自然现象的好奇而产生强烈的学习物理的兴趣

学生为了了解飞机起飞原理而乐此不疲的拆装飞机模型和搜集相关资料

解析：暂无

[单选题] What's the starting point and destination of English course?

Students' development.

解析：考查英语课程内容。学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。故选B。