正确答案: C

进化论

题目：达尔文在《物种起源》中阐述的主要内容是( )

解析：达尔文在《物种起源》中阐述了物种的进化一一进化论观点，颠覆了西方上帝创造万物的信仰。故选择C。A选项，基因是指携带有遗传信息的DNA或RNA序列，也称为遗传因子，是控制性状的基本遗传单位。基因理论最早由孟德尔提出发展。B选项，条件反射是俄国生理学家巴甫洛夫发现并提出的。D选项，细胞理论由德国生物学家施莱登和施旺分别在1838年和1839年提出。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,were determined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors, and engineers-use nonscientific modes of thought.This kind of thinking way is different from science.Many features and qualities ofthe objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with the mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In the development of Western technology,it has been non-verbal thinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. 　　The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists.For example,in designing a diesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitations of available space,and not least by a sense of form.Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary. 　　Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curriculum.Nonverbal thinking of a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking" , nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive Process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools. 　　If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving,are not provided.we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations: they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

What is the relationship between paragraph l and paragraph 2?

Paragraph 2 provides illustration for paragraph l.

解析：推断题。文章第一段强调了非科学思维方式的重要性，第二段通过引用具体事例来证明非科学思维几乎隐藏在每一件日常用品中，即这种思维非常重要。由此可知，第二段为第一段提供了例证。故本题选D。